NUR612 Pathophysiology Final McCance
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
NUR612 Pathophysiology Final McCance
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
It is true that a eukaryotic cell
A. is smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
B. contains structures called organelles.
C. lacks a well-defined nucleus.
D. does not contain histones. - ANSWER B. Contains structures called organelles.
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and histones, they have a well-defined nucleus, and are larger than
prokaryotic cells.
Ch01.1
The function of a histone found in a eukaryote cell focuses on cellular
A. division.
B. movement.
C. activities.
D. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding. - ANSWER D. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding.
The histones are binding proteins that cause the supercoiling of DNA into chromosomes and do not
affect cellular division, movement, or activities.
Ch01.2
,NUR612 Pathophysiology Final McCance
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
An organelle that is responsible for the metabolism of cellular energy is referred to as a/an
A. Golgi complex.
B. mitochondrion.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. nucleolus. - ANSWER B. mitochondrion
Mitochondria play a role in cellular metabolism, cellular respiration, and energy production. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, where
they are synthesized. The nucleolus is a small, dense structure that contains the ribonucleic acid (RNA),
DNA, and DNA-binding proteins.
Ch01.3
Which statement best describes a desmosome?
A. A desmosome is a barrier to diffusion.
B. Desmosomes hold cells together by continuous bands.
C. A desmosome is a communicating tunnel.
D. Desmosomes function as a zona occludens. - ANSWER B. Desmosomes hold cells together by
continuous bands.
The desmosome is a type of cell junction. The other two types include tight junctions and gap junctions.
Desmosomes hold cells together by forming a continuous band of epithelial tissue or belt (or button-
like) points of contact. They are also a source of structural stability. Tight junctions serve as barriers to
diffusion and prevent the movement of substances through transport proteins. Gap junctions are
clusters of communicating tunnels.
Ch01.4
Which statement describes the function of a second messenger?
,NUR612 Pathophysiology Final McCance
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
A. Binds with membrane-bound receptors via a ligand
B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
C. Opens specific channels in the cell membrane
D. Blocks a membrane-bound receptor signal - ANSWER B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
The binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor triggers the activation of intracellular second
messengers. Second messengers activate signal transduction pathways in the cell that can initiate
different intracellular events. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calcium (Ca++) are the two
major second-messenger pathways. First messengers are the extracellular ligands that bind to cell
surface receptors. Binding of first messengers can result in the opening or closing of specific cell
membrane channels or the activation of second messengers.
Ch01.5
Which statement is correct regarding cellular energy?
A. Glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules.
B. Oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
C. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
D. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen. - ANSWER C. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs
in the mitochondria.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. This is the mechanism by which the energy
produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. Glycolysis is a process that breaks
down glucose molecules; it produces a net of two ATP molecules. Oxidation is a process during which a
pair of electrons are removed and transferred. Oxidative cellular metabolism involves 10 biochemical
reactions. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic means in the presence of
oxygen.
Ch01.6
, NUR612 Pathophysiology Final McCance
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
Movement of a solute molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is
called
A. diffusion.
B. filtration.
C. osmosis.
D. hydrostatic pressure. - ANSWER A. diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water down a concentration gradient from an area of higher
water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. Filtration is the movement of water and
solute through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure on one side of the membrane than
the other. Hydrostatic pressure is the mechanical force of water pushing against a cell membrane.
Ch01.7
Which is an example of an energy-releasing process?
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Substrate-induced reaction
D. Second messenger system - ANSWER B. Catabolism
Catabolism is an energy-releasing process. The energy-using process is anabolism. A substrate is a
specific substance that is converted to a product in the reaction. A second messenger is a "pass-it-on
signal." This occurs when a first messenger activates a receptor that then triggers a pass-it-on signal.
Ch01.8
Which describes an amphipathic molecule?
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
NUR612 Pathophysiology Final McCance
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
It is true that a eukaryotic cell
A. is smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
B. contains structures called organelles.
C. lacks a well-defined nucleus.
D. does not contain histones. - ANSWER B. Contains structures called organelles.
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and histones, they have a well-defined nucleus, and are larger than
prokaryotic cells.
Ch01.1
The function of a histone found in a eukaryote cell focuses on cellular
A. division.
B. movement.
C. activities.
D. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding. - ANSWER D. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding.
The histones are binding proteins that cause the supercoiling of DNA into chromosomes and do not
affect cellular division, movement, or activities.
Ch01.2
,NUR612 Pathophysiology Final McCance
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
An organelle that is responsible for the metabolism of cellular energy is referred to as a/an
A. Golgi complex.
B. mitochondrion.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. nucleolus. - ANSWER B. mitochondrion
Mitochondria play a role in cellular metabolism, cellular respiration, and energy production. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, where
they are synthesized. The nucleolus is a small, dense structure that contains the ribonucleic acid (RNA),
DNA, and DNA-binding proteins.
Ch01.3
Which statement best describes a desmosome?
A. A desmosome is a barrier to diffusion.
B. Desmosomes hold cells together by continuous bands.
C. A desmosome is a communicating tunnel.
D. Desmosomes function as a zona occludens. - ANSWER B. Desmosomes hold cells together by
continuous bands.
The desmosome is a type of cell junction. The other two types include tight junctions and gap junctions.
Desmosomes hold cells together by forming a continuous band of epithelial tissue or belt (or button-
like) points of contact. They are also a source of structural stability. Tight junctions serve as barriers to
diffusion and prevent the movement of substances through transport proteins. Gap junctions are
clusters of communicating tunnels.
Ch01.4
Which statement describes the function of a second messenger?
,NUR612 Pathophysiology Final McCance
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
A. Binds with membrane-bound receptors via a ligand
B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
C. Opens specific channels in the cell membrane
D. Blocks a membrane-bound receptor signal - ANSWER B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
The binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor triggers the activation of intracellular second
messengers. Second messengers activate signal transduction pathways in the cell that can initiate
different intracellular events. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calcium (Ca++) are the two
major second-messenger pathways. First messengers are the extracellular ligands that bind to cell
surface receptors. Binding of first messengers can result in the opening or closing of specific cell
membrane channels or the activation of second messengers.
Ch01.5
Which statement is correct regarding cellular energy?
A. Glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules.
B. Oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
C. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
D. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen. - ANSWER C. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs
in the mitochondria.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. This is the mechanism by which the energy
produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. Glycolysis is a process that breaks
down glucose molecules; it produces a net of two ATP molecules. Oxidation is a process during which a
pair of electrons are removed and transferred. Oxidative cellular metabolism involves 10 biochemical
reactions. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic means in the presence of
oxygen.
Ch01.6
, NUR612 Pathophysiology Final McCance
& Huether (8th ed., 2019) 646 questions
and correct solutions.
Movement of a solute molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is
called
A. diffusion.
B. filtration.
C. osmosis.
D. hydrostatic pressure. - ANSWER A. diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water down a concentration gradient from an area of higher
water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. Filtration is the movement of water and
solute through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure on one side of the membrane than
the other. Hydrostatic pressure is the mechanical force of water pushing against a cell membrane.
Ch01.7
Which is an example of an energy-releasing process?
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Substrate-induced reaction
D. Second messenger system - ANSWER B. Catabolism
Catabolism is an energy-releasing process. The energy-using process is anabolism. A substrate is a
specific substance that is converted to a product in the reaction. A second messenger is a "pass-it-on
signal." This occurs when a first messenger activates a receptor that then triggers a pass-it-on signal.
Ch01.8
Which describes an amphipathic molecule?
