WGU C273 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY EXAM 2025

Who was the founder of conflict theory? - Correct Ans-Karl Marx Which idea did Auguste Comte introduce to the field of sociology? - Correct Ans-Positivism Which sociological perspective views society as being made up of groups competing for scarce resources? - Correct Ans-Conflict theory How would a functionalist theory explain the complexity of American families in the early twenty-first century? - Correct Ans-The complex patterns of family life permit greater economic and emotional security for individuals from diverse backgrounds. Experiments - Correct Ans-A controlled setting in which specific variables are manipulated and the outcomes are measured Surveys - Correct Ans-A series of questions asked of a sample of people Participant observation - Correct Ans-Research that takes place while the researcher actively participates in a setting Secondary Analysis - Correct Ans-The study of data that have already been collected What is the purpose of having ethical standards in social research? - Correct Ans-To protect human subjects Why is it considered unethical for sociologists to mislead their research participants? - Correct Ans-Because people have the right to give informed consent before participating in research What is an example of non-material culture? - Correct Ans-Language Which concept do sociologists use to describe a group whose values and goals are in opposition to mainstream culture? - Correct Ans-Counterculture What role do a culture's values play in social interactions? - Correct Ans-Values define a culture's standards for good and bad, beautiful and ugly, right and wrong. How does the workplace act as an agent of socialization? - Correct Ans-It is an environment where one can acquire new perspectives of the world. Where do most people first encounter gender socialization? - Correct Ans-Family How might Charles Horton Cooley use the concept of the looking-glass self to explain the influence of media on identity and behavior? - Correct Ans-Media affects the way that people perceive themselves because media reflects society's views of itself. Which area of social life would be analyzed from the perspective of macro-sociology? - Correct Ans-Social class Which agent of socialization focuses primarily on establishing norms of moral behavior? - Correct Ans-Religion How do sociologists describe the role of peers across the different stages of life? - Correct Ans-They serve as agents of socialization. Which two concepts reflect sociological ways of thinking about the development of self? - Correct Ans-The looking-glass self The generalized other What is the position of conflict theorists regarding deviance? - Correct Ans-Deviant behavior is defined by those with power. What is one factor psychologists, in contrast to sociologists, favor when explaining deviant behavior? - Correct Ans-Personality disorders What is a secondary group? - Correct Ans-A group that is created through similar interests, activities, or professions Which social theorist was the first to analyze bureaucracies as powerful forms of social organization that are concerned with the "bottom line?" - Correct Ans-Max Weber A student is well prepared for a class assignment, and she feels confident she knows the correct answers to the questions the teacher will ask during a group discussion. However, the student is reluctant to raise her hand to answer the questions to avoid making her classmates look bad. Which term explains the student's behavior within the social structure of the group? - Correct Ans-Role strain Which social structure concept did Emile Durkheim refer to as a shared consciousness that develops from groups performing similar tasks? - Correct Ans-Mechanical solidarity Which type of influence could convince good people to participate in heinous acts, according to Stanley Milgram's research? - Correct Ans-Authority How does ranking nations by their level of global industry or their ability to industrialize describe global stratification? - Correct Ans-The greater a country's global industrialization, the more likely it is to be a first world country. What is a primary cause of global stratification? - Correct Ans-Colonialism How do educational disparities relate to economic disparities that cause global stratification? - Correct Ans-Less industrialized countries do not have the economic resources to advance their educational systems because they owe too much money to the most industrialized nations; they have to allocate too many resources toward servicing that debt. Why do conflict theorists argue that social stratification is universal? - Correct Ans-The powerful use society's resources to their benefit and to oppress others. According to the sociologists who draw upon Max Weber's ideas, which three components make up social class? - Correct Ans-Property, prestige, power What is an example of a status inconsistency? - Correct Ans-A teacher has a low income and high level of education. What is the primary determinant of social class, according to Marx? - Correct Ans-Whether a person is an owner or a worker What is one way upward mobility of African Americans affect the lifestyles of individuals? - Correct Ans-It may cause a separation from their roots and significant others. What do sociologists focus on as an explanation for why people are poor? - Correct Ans-Social structure What is the difference between race and ethnicity? - Correct Ans-Race refers to biological characteristics, and ethnicity refers to cultural characteristics. Native Americans were exposed to new diseases by white settlers and faced the destruction of their food supply from white settlers and soldiers. In some places, white people were paid a bounty if they killed a Native American. Which effect did this type of colonia