NTR-419 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Lower esophageal sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - a muscular ring that controls the
flow between the esophagus and stomach
Pyloric sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - Controls passage of food from stomach to
small intestine
Enteral - CORRECT ANSWER - -use of the GI tract via tube instead of oral feeding
-use when oral intake is inadequate or not possible, but GI tract is still functional
Parenteral - CORRECT ANSWER - going around the GI tract via IV (intravenous, inside a
vein) feeding through large vein or peripheral vein
Aspiration - CORRECT ANSWER - breathing/bringing a foreign object into the lungs
Gastroparesis - CORRECT ANSWER - delayed stomach emptying, part of the cytokine-
induced acute stress response which leads to high gastric residual volume which causes nausea or
vomiting
Gastric residual volume - CORRECT ANSWER - the volume of formula and GI secretions
remaining in the stomach after a previous feeding
Indirect calorimetry - CORRECT ANSWER - measurement of oxygen consumption as an
estimate of resting metabolic rate
Polymeric - CORRECT ANSWER - macronutrients are intact, so still need digestion
, Monomeric - CORRECT ANSWER - macronutrients are hydrolyzed, so no need for
digestion
Nasogastric - CORRECT ANSWER - tube from nose to stomach, EN feeding
Post-pyloric - CORRECT ANSWER - after the pyloric sphincter between stomach and
duodenum (small intestine)
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) - CORRECT ANSWER - a feeding tube
inserted endoscopically through the skin into the stomach
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) - CORRECT ANSWER - post-pyloric
placement; feeding catheter inserted into the jejunum through the skin and subcutaneous tissues
of the abdomen
Hyperalimentation - CORRECT ANSWER - excess feeding which means excess energy
causing severe hyperglycemia and that leads to increase risk of infection and sepsis
Nosocomial - CORRECT ANSWER - hospital acquired infection
Amylases - CORRECT ANSWER - Digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
into monosaccharides
Lipases - CORRECT ANSWER -
Proteases - CORRECT ANSWER - digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins into
amino acids and di/tripeptides
Bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER - HCO3-, neutralizes acidic contents from stomach
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Lower esophageal sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - a muscular ring that controls the
flow between the esophagus and stomach
Pyloric sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - Controls passage of food from stomach to
small intestine
Enteral - CORRECT ANSWER - -use of the GI tract via tube instead of oral feeding
-use when oral intake is inadequate or not possible, but GI tract is still functional
Parenteral - CORRECT ANSWER - going around the GI tract via IV (intravenous, inside a
vein) feeding through large vein or peripheral vein
Aspiration - CORRECT ANSWER - breathing/bringing a foreign object into the lungs
Gastroparesis - CORRECT ANSWER - delayed stomach emptying, part of the cytokine-
induced acute stress response which leads to high gastric residual volume which causes nausea or
vomiting
Gastric residual volume - CORRECT ANSWER - the volume of formula and GI secretions
remaining in the stomach after a previous feeding
Indirect calorimetry - CORRECT ANSWER - measurement of oxygen consumption as an
estimate of resting metabolic rate
Polymeric - CORRECT ANSWER - macronutrients are intact, so still need digestion
, Monomeric - CORRECT ANSWER - macronutrients are hydrolyzed, so no need for
digestion
Nasogastric - CORRECT ANSWER - tube from nose to stomach, EN feeding
Post-pyloric - CORRECT ANSWER - after the pyloric sphincter between stomach and
duodenum (small intestine)
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) - CORRECT ANSWER - a feeding tube
inserted endoscopically through the skin into the stomach
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) - CORRECT ANSWER - post-pyloric
placement; feeding catheter inserted into the jejunum through the skin and subcutaneous tissues
of the abdomen
Hyperalimentation - CORRECT ANSWER - excess feeding which means excess energy
causing severe hyperglycemia and that leads to increase risk of infection and sepsis
Nosocomial - CORRECT ANSWER - hospital acquired infection
Amylases - CORRECT ANSWER - Digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
into monosaccharides
Lipases - CORRECT ANSWER -
Proteases - CORRECT ANSWER - digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins into
amino acids and di/tripeptides
Bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER - HCO3-, neutralizes acidic contents from stomach
