Early Childhood Development Final
Exam Question and answers rated A+
The 3 theories of emotional development - correct answer ✔-Discrete
Emotions Theory (Nature and Nurture)
-Functionalist Theory (How culture affects psychological development)
-Dynamic System Theory (Individual Differences)
Izard's Discrete Emotions Theory - correct answer ✔-Nature and Nurture
-Specific emotions are separated from birth
-(disgust, joy, anger, and fear) are innate emotions
Ekmon's Discrete Emotions Theory - correct answer ✔-Nature and Nurture
-Cross-Cultural research shows that facial expressions associated with certain
emotions are universally used and understood
Campos' Functionalist Theory - correct answer ✔-How culture affects
psychological development
-The purpose of emotions is to motivate action toward achieving a goal
-Babies don't have specific emotions, only positive/negative tones
,-Emotions are intertwined with social interaction
-One's society/culture influences one's expressions and management of
emotions
Dynamic System Theory - correct answer ✔-Individual Differences
-Thinking, emotions, and experiences become linked over time to form
personal "emotional interpretations"
Why does the expression of emotions such as shame, guilt, and envy emerge
later? (within the second year of life) - correct answer ✔These are self-
conscious emotions. So, as children develop a sense of "self", the expression
of these emotions also are able to emerge
Regulation of emotion - correct answer ✔Regulation is important for being
able to achieve goals
How does regulation of emotion develop? - correct answer ✔Development
involves...
-Progression from external to an internal control (thumbsucking, looking away
then dozing off, take deep breaths and count, rock back and forth)
-Use thinking and reasoning to control negative emotions
-Selecting appropriate coping strategies
, What are some individual differences in emotion and its regulation and
temperament? - correct answer ✔Easy vs Hard Baby:
-Easy Baby: rarely cries, easily distracted, low maintenance, sleeps well, good
eater, no tantrums, easy going
-Difficult Baby: Never wants to go to bed, not easy going, high maintenance,
picky eater, tantrums, high activity (into everything)
What can parents do to support healthy emotional development within their
children? (Socialization of children) - correct answer ✔-Parents own
expression of mostly positive emotions
-Parents react well to children's genuine expressions of emotions by validating
(allowing the expression and supporting them)
-Around age two, parents can discuss emotions with children by putting labels
on certain emotions in order to help them understand what they are feeling
(show them that there's an appropriate way to handle emotions)
(SA) Describe an example of how culture can affect emotions/emotional
development. Be sure to contrast the American way with the chosen culture. -
correct answer ✔-First, is the culture Individualistic (US/individual
rights/freedoms) or is it Collectivist (Japan/interdependence/group harmony)
-American versus Chinese use of shaming
-Shaming is used to get a child to follow rules and do what is expected of
them
-Chinese people say this makes children strong and high achieving
Exam Question and answers rated A+
The 3 theories of emotional development - correct answer ✔-Discrete
Emotions Theory (Nature and Nurture)
-Functionalist Theory (How culture affects psychological development)
-Dynamic System Theory (Individual Differences)
Izard's Discrete Emotions Theory - correct answer ✔-Nature and Nurture
-Specific emotions are separated from birth
-(disgust, joy, anger, and fear) are innate emotions
Ekmon's Discrete Emotions Theory - correct answer ✔-Nature and Nurture
-Cross-Cultural research shows that facial expressions associated with certain
emotions are universally used and understood
Campos' Functionalist Theory - correct answer ✔-How culture affects
psychological development
-The purpose of emotions is to motivate action toward achieving a goal
-Babies don't have specific emotions, only positive/negative tones
,-Emotions are intertwined with social interaction
-One's society/culture influences one's expressions and management of
emotions
Dynamic System Theory - correct answer ✔-Individual Differences
-Thinking, emotions, and experiences become linked over time to form
personal "emotional interpretations"
Why does the expression of emotions such as shame, guilt, and envy emerge
later? (within the second year of life) - correct answer ✔These are self-
conscious emotions. So, as children develop a sense of "self", the expression
of these emotions also are able to emerge
Regulation of emotion - correct answer ✔Regulation is important for being
able to achieve goals
How does regulation of emotion develop? - correct answer ✔Development
involves...
-Progression from external to an internal control (thumbsucking, looking away
then dozing off, take deep breaths and count, rock back and forth)
-Use thinking and reasoning to control negative emotions
-Selecting appropriate coping strategies
, What are some individual differences in emotion and its regulation and
temperament? - correct answer ✔Easy vs Hard Baby:
-Easy Baby: rarely cries, easily distracted, low maintenance, sleeps well, good
eater, no tantrums, easy going
-Difficult Baby: Never wants to go to bed, not easy going, high maintenance,
picky eater, tantrums, high activity (into everything)
What can parents do to support healthy emotional development within their
children? (Socialization of children) - correct answer ✔-Parents own
expression of mostly positive emotions
-Parents react well to children's genuine expressions of emotions by validating
(allowing the expression and supporting them)
-Around age two, parents can discuss emotions with children by putting labels
on certain emotions in order to help them understand what they are feeling
(show them that there's an appropriate way to handle emotions)
(SA) Describe an example of how culture can affect emotions/emotional
development. Be sure to contrast the American way with the chosen culture. -
correct answer ✔-First, is the culture Individualistic (US/individual
rights/freedoms) or is it Collectivist (Japan/interdependence/group harmony)
-American versus Chinese use of shaming
-Shaming is used to get a child to follow rules and do what is expected of
them
-Chinese people say this makes children strong and high achieving
