NTRI 2000 Final Exam Study Guide 2025

In nutrition, what does the term " essential" mean - Correct Ans-the nutrients that the body can not make it's self ( or cannot make enough) from other raw materials; nutrients that must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies What are the 6 classes of nutrients? How many calories per gram does each provide? - Correct Ans-Carbs 4 cal/g Fat 9 cal/g Protein 4 cal/gram Vitamins Minerals Water What are the differences between macronutrients and micronutrients? - Correct Ans-Macronutrients are energy yielding nutrients along with water needed in large amounts. Micronutrients are present in tiny amounts Phytochemicals - Correct Ans-compounds in plants that confer color, taste, and other characteristics. Often, the bioactive food components of functional foods. DRI - Correct Ans-Dietary Reference Intake The committee has set values for all of the vitamins and minerals, as well as for carbs, fiber, lipids, protein, water and energy RDA - Correct Ans-Recommended Dietary Allowance nutrient intake goals for individuals; the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the needs of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group. AI - Correct Ans-Adequate Intake Nutrient intake goals for individuals; the recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on intakes of healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group and assumed to be adequate. Set when scientific data are insufficient to allow establishment of an RDA value. UL - Correct Ans-Tolerable Upper Intake Levels the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of toxicity to almost all healthy individuals of a particular life stage and gender group. EAR - Correct Ans-Estimated Average Requirements the average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group; is used in nutrition research and policy making and is the basis upon which RDA values are set. AMDR - Correct Ans-Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges values for carbohydrate, fat, and protein expressed as percentages of total daily caloric intake; ranges of intakes set for the energy-yielding nutrients that are sufficient to provide adequate total energy and nutrients while minimizing the risk of chronic diseases. What is the difference between Nutrient Density and Energy Density - Correct Ans-nutrient density a measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food. A nutrient-dense food provides vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial substances with relatively few calories. vs energy density a measure of the energy provided by a food relative to its weight (calories per gram). energy density - Correct Ans-a measure of the energy provided by a food relative to its weight (calories per gram). nutrient density - Correct Ans-a measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food. A nutrient-dense food provides vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial substances with relatively few calories. What are the 6 characteristics of a healthy diet? - Correct Ans-variety, balance, moderation, adequacy, nutrient density, energy What is variety - Correct Ans-choose foods that differ from one day to another What is balance - Correct Ans-choices that don't over emphasize one nutrient or food over the expense of another Moderation - Correct Ans-the foods don't provide excess fat, salt, sugar, or other unwanted ingredients adequacy - Correct Ans-foods that provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy calorie control - Correct Ans-foods provide the amount of energy you need to maintain an appropriate weight My plate contains - Correct Ans-Fruits, grains, veggies, and protein The Endocrine system is responsible for what nutritionally relevant hormones? - Correct Ans-Insulin and glucagon What organ produces insulin and glucagon? - Correct Ans-pancreas mechanical acts of digestion - Correct Ans-chewing in the mouth peristalsis Chemical digestion - Correct Ans-digestive enzymes break down nutrients into their component parts what are monosaccharides - Correct Ans-6 sugar molecule glucose, fructose, galactose what is the primary fuel for the cell - Correct Ans-glucose - monosaccaride what are disaccharide - Correct Ans-6 sugar molecule lactose, maltose, sucrose what do disaccharides have in common - Correct Ans-chemical names all end in -ose what is the chemical form of glucose - Correct Ans-glycogen what is the storage form of carbs for animals and humans - Correct Ans-glycogen