Power and borders - OCR A-Level Geography
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
9.1 European Neighbourhood Policy (EU policies specifically linked to conflict) ✔️✔️The Eastern
Partnership is a key element of EU foreign relations in which the EU aims to co-operate with its
close neighbour states in Eastern Europe in terms of security, stability and prosperity.
Non-government organisations and its role in regulating conflict and in reproducing the global
system of sovereign nation-states ✔️✔️International civil society organisations (CSOs), including
NGOs, intervene in many different ways in conflict zones. They work in co-operation with global
institutions, national and local governments and citizens resident in local communities within
the conflict zones.
They provide humanitarian relief including health care, medicines, education, food and water.
Their work involves monitoring and early warning of new violence; direct mediation and open
dialogue between adversarial parties; strengthening local institutions, rule of law and
democratic processes; and reinforcing 'in the field' an increasing number of norms, treaties and
laws.
Page 280.
Treaties and its role in regulating conflict and in reproducing the global system of sovereign
nation-states ✔️✔️Many multilateral treaties have been adopted by the UN. One example
relating to conflict is 'The Convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and
transfer of anti-personnel mines and on their destruction'. By 2015, 162 countries had signed
up to this legally binding agreement. It remains open to ratification by the others, which include
the USA, Russia, China and India.
Page 280.
Treaty ✔️✔️A treaty, or convention, is a written international agreement between two or more
states and/or international organisations. States that sign and ratify treaty are bound to it by
international law.
, Laws and its role in regulating conflict and in reproducing the global system of sovereign nation-
states ✔️✔️International law defines responsibilities of states in their conduct with each other
and treatment of their citizens. In terms of conflict, there are laws relating to human rights,
disarmament, refugees, nationality issues, treatment of prisoners, use of force and conduct of
war.
Pages 280-281.
Norms and its role in regulating conflict and in reproducing the global system of sovereign
nation-states ✔️✔️Cyber conflict is an increasing threat to sovereignty. Microsoft has assumed
responsibility for the issue of cybersecurity. By creating cybersecurity norms for state
governments it has attempted to limit potential conflict in cyberspace. This is expected to bring
stability and security to the international environment in our increasingly globally connected
society.
The role of flows of people in geopolitical intervention ✔️✔️The flows of people are an integral
part of the global governance of conflict. Attempts by the international community to intervene
and provide assistance in conflict zones include UN missions and the involvement of regional
organisations plus the work of NGOs. These all require movement of personnel into conflict
zones, donated by member states.
The role of flows of money in geopolitical intervention ✔️✔️The flows of money are an integral
part of the global governance of conflict. Attempts by the international community to intervene
and provide assistance in conflict zones include UN missions and the involvement of regional
organisations plus the work of NGOs. These all require the transfer of finances, donated by
member states.
The role of flows of ideas in geopolitical intervention ✔️✔️Planning and executing intervention
involves exchange of ideas. The sharing of good practice, co-ordination of strategies and flows
of intelligence are essential for effective governance of conflict. Flows of ideas and information
are a feature of bilateral meetings of governments, regional council meetings, UN conferences
and discussion at the General Assembly.
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
9.1 European Neighbourhood Policy (EU policies specifically linked to conflict) ✔️✔️The Eastern
Partnership is a key element of EU foreign relations in which the EU aims to co-operate with its
close neighbour states in Eastern Europe in terms of security, stability and prosperity.
Non-government organisations and its role in regulating conflict and in reproducing the global
system of sovereign nation-states ✔️✔️International civil society organisations (CSOs), including
NGOs, intervene in many different ways in conflict zones. They work in co-operation with global
institutions, national and local governments and citizens resident in local communities within
the conflict zones.
They provide humanitarian relief including health care, medicines, education, food and water.
Their work involves monitoring and early warning of new violence; direct mediation and open
dialogue between adversarial parties; strengthening local institutions, rule of law and
democratic processes; and reinforcing 'in the field' an increasing number of norms, treaties and
laws.
Page 280.
Treaties and its role in regulating conflict and in reproducing the global system of sovereign
nation-states ✔️✔️Many multilateral treaties have been adopted by the UN. One example
relating to conflict is 'The Convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and
transfer of anti-personnel mines and on their destruction'. By 2015, 162 countries had signed
up to this legally binding agreement. It remains open to ratification by the others, which include
the USA, Russia, China and India.
Page 280.
Treaty ✔️✔️A treaty, or convention, is a written international agreement between two or more
states and/or international organisations. States that sign and ratify treaty are bound to it by
international law.
, Laws and its role in regulating conflict and in reproducing the global system of sovereign nation-
states ✔️✔️International law defines responsibilities of states in their conduct with each other
and treatment of their citizens. In terms of conflict, there are laws relating to human rights,
disarmament, refugees, nationality issues, treatment of prisoners, use of force and conduct of
war.
Pages 280-281.
Norms and its role in regulating conflict and in reproducing the global system of sovereign
nation-states ✔️✔️Cyber conflict is an increasing threat to sovereignty. Microsoft has assumed
responsibility for the issue of cybersecurity. By creating cybersecurity norms for state
governments it has attempted to limit potential conflict in cyberspace. This is expected to bring
stability and security to the international environment in our increasingly globally connected
society.
The role of flows of people in geopolitical intervention ✔️✔️The flows of people are an integral
part of the global governance of conflict. Attempts by the international community to intervene
and provide assistance in conflict zones include UN missions and the involvement of regional
organisations plus the work of NGOs. These all require movement of personnel into conflict
zones, donated by member states.
The role of flows of money in geopolitical intervention ✔️✔️The flows of money are an integral
part of the global governance of conflict. Attempts by the international community to intervene
and provide assistance in conflict zones include UN missions and the involvement of regional
organisations plus the work of NGOs. These all require the transfer of finances, donated by
member states.
The role of flows of ideas in geopolitical intervention ✔️✔️Planning and executing intervention
involves exchange of ideas. The sharing of good practice, co-ordination of strategies and flows
of intelligence are essential for effective governance of conflict. Flows of ideas and information
are a feature of bilateral meetings of governments, regional council meetings, UN conferences
and discussion at the General Assembly.
