Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with
Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)
What are the two ways energy can be carried - Correct
Answers ✅1. As chemical bond energy
2. As reducing equilalents
What is the difference b/w NAD+ and NADH - Correct
Answers ✅NAD+ is the oxidized form (electron poor)
NADH is the reduced form (electron rich)
What are the water-soluble electron carriers (oxidized &
reduced form) and their precursor - Correct Answers
✅Oxidized: NAD+, NADP+
Reduced: NADH, NADPH
Niacin (vit. B3)
What are the membrane-associated electron carriers
(oxidized & reduced form) and their precursor - Correct
Answers ✅Oxidized: FAD, FMN
Reduced: FADH2, FMNH2
Riboflavin (vit. B2)
NAD+/NADH
1. Significance
2. Oxidized/reduced ratio
3. Synthesis of reduced form
,Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with
Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)
4. Regeneration of oxidized form - Correct Answers ✅1.
Catabolic (accept energy)
2. 700:1
3. Generated by glycolysis, TCA cycle, b-oxidation
4. NAD+ is regenerated by ETC, lactate dehydrogenase in
anaerobic glycolsis
NADP+/NADPH
1. Significance
2. Oxidized/reduced ratio
3. Synthesis of reduced form
4. Regeneration of oxidized form - Correct Answers ✅1.
Anabolic (donate energy)
2. 1:10
3. HMP shunt-oxidative, malic enzyme
4. NADP+ is regenerated in anabolic rxns
Carbohydrates
1. Fed absorption (dietary source)
2. Fasting body reserve that is broken down - Correct
Answers ✅1. Monosaccharides
2. Liver glycogen
Proteins
,Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with
Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)
1. Fed absorption (dietary source)
2. Fasting body reserve that is broken down (what is special) -
Correct Answers ✅1. Amino acids, di-peptides
2. Muscle, cellular proteins*
(There is no dedicated storage reservoir for protein)
Lipids
1. Fed absorption (dietary source)
2. Fasting body reserve that is broken down - Correct
Answers ✅1. Dietary lipids in micelles
2. TAGS from adipose tissue
If there is no dedicated storage reservoir for protein, what
occurs instead? - Correct Answers ✅Muscle is broken down
to provide amino acids for fasting-state metabolic pathways
Glucagon and insulin are polypeptides released by the _____
in response to _______ levels - Correct Answers ✅Pancreas
Blood glucose
Epinephrine is a neurotransmitter synthesized from which
amino acid - Correct Answers ✅tyrosine
, Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with
Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is synthesized by the _____ and is
released in response to _____ - Correct Answers ✅Adrenal
medulla
Stress (pain, exercise, hemorrhage, hypoxia, hypoglycemia)
Glucagon and epinephrine activate ______ to increase ____
and _____ - Correct Answers ✅Ga-S coupled G-protein
coupled receptors
cAMP
PKA
Hormone: Insulin
1. Released in fed or fasting
2. Receptor present in - Correct Answers ✅1. Fed
2. Liver, adipose, muscle
Insulin effects on target proteins - Correct Answers ✅RTK
phosphorylation --> signaling cascade --> increased
phosphatase
Dephosphorylated state
Altered gene expression
Hormone: Glucagon
Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)
What are the two ways energy can be carried - Correct
Answers ✅1. As chemical bond energy
2. As reducing equilalents
What is the difference b/w NAD+ and NADH - Correct
Answers ✅NAD+ is the oxidized form (electron poor)
NADH is the reduced form (electron rich)
What are the water-soluble electron carriers (oxidized &
reduced form) and their precursor - Correct Answers
✅Oxidized: NAD+, NADP+
Reduced: NADH, NADPH
Niacin (vit. B3)
What are the membrane-associated electron carriers
(oxidized & reduced form) and their precursor - Correct
Answers ✅Oxidized: FAD, FMN
Reduced: FADH2, FMNH2
Riboflavin (vit. B2)
NAD+/NADH
1. Significance
2. Oxidized/reduced ratio
3. Synthesis of reduced form
,Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with
Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)
4. Regeneration of oxidized form - Correct Answers ✅1.
Catabolic (accept energy)
2. 700:1
3. Generated by glycolysis, TCA cycle, b-oxidation
4. NAD+ is regenerated by ETC, lactate dehydrogenase in
anaerobic glycolsis
NADP+/NADPH
1. Significance
2. Oxidized/reduced ratio
3. Synthesis of reduced form
4. Regeneration of oxidized form - Correct Answers ✅1.
Anabolic (donate energy)
2. 1:10
3. HMP shunt-oxidative, malic enzyme
4. NADP+ is regenerated in anabolic rxns
Carbohydrates
1. Fed absorption (dietary source)
2. Fasting body reserve that is broken down - Correct
Answers ✅1. Monosaccharides
2. Liver glycogen
Proteins
,Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with
Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)
1. Fed absorption (dietary source)
2. Fasting body reserve that is broken down (what is special) -
Correct Answers ✅1. Amino acids, di-peptides
2. Muscle, cellular proteins*
(There is no dedicated storage reservoir for protein)
Lipids
1. Fed absorption (dietary source)
2. Fasting body reserve that is broken down - Correct
Answers ✅1. Dietary lipids in micelles
2. TAGS from adipose tissue
If there is no dedicated storage reservoir for protein, what
occurs instead? - Correct Answers ✅Muscle is broken down
to provide amino acids for fasting-state metabolic pathways
Glucagon and insulin are polypeptides released by the _____
in response to _______ levels - Correct Answers ✅Pancreas
Blood glucose
Epinephrine is a neurotransmitter synthesized from which
amino acid - Correct Answers ✅tyrosine
, Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with
Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is synthesized by the _____ and is
released in response to _____ - Correct Answers ✅Adrenal
medulla
Stress (pain, exercise, hemorrhage, hypoxia, hypoglycemia)
Glucagon and epinephrine activate ______ to increase ____
and _____ - Correct Answers ✅Ga-S coupled G-protein
coupled receptors
cAMP
PKA
Hormone: Insulin
1. Released in fed or fasting
2. Receptor present in - Correct Answers ✅1. Fed
2. Liver, adipose, muscle
Insulin effects on target proteins - Correct Answers ✅RTK
phosphorylation --> signaling cascade --> increased
phosphatase
Dephosphorylated state
Altered gene expression
Hormone: Glucagon
