HONDROS 160 FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Phenergan - ✔✔used for allergy symptoms, motion sickness, nausea, vomiting,
pain, sleep aid, sedative
✔✔Phenergan SE - ✔✔SE: drowsiness, ringing in ears, double vision, nervousness, dry
mouth
✔✔Zofran - ✔✔used for treatment of chemotherapy/radiation induced emesis, prevents
N/V.
✔✔Zofran SE - ✔✔SE: diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, headache, fatigue, sleepiness,
nervousness, and muscle cramps
✔✔Oxygen - ✔✔used for COPD, chronic lung disorder, heart disease, kidney disease,
shortness of breath, sleep disorders, ect...
✔✔Oxygen NI - ✔✔NI: monitor skin beneath nose for breakdown, equipment safety, 6
rights of medication administration
✔✔Atrovent - ✔✔used to dilate bronchi with bronchospasm and COPD
✔✔Atrovent SE/NI - ✔✔SE: anxiety, dizziness, cough, worsening symptoms,
bronchospasms
NI: evaluate respiratory status
✔✔Prednisone - ✔✔used to decrease inflammation
✔✔Prednisone SE - ✔✔SE: changes in mental status, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia,
increase risk for infection, moon face, weight gain, immunosuppression
** must taper dose to discontinue
*** do not use with fungal infections
✔✔what causes: respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔hyperventilation*, drug use, asthma,
pregnancy
>>high ph, low PCO<<
✔✔what causes: respiratory acidosis - ✔✔hypoventilation*, lung disease, asthma,
pulmonary edema, COPD, acute pneumonia
>>low ph, high PCO<<
✔✔what causes: metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔vomiting*, drug use, electrolyte imbalances,
GI suctioning, hypokalemia, overuse of antacids
, >>high ph - high HCO<<
✔✔what causes: metabolic acidosis - ✔✔diarrhea*, starvation, dehydration, drug use,
renal failure, alcohol abuse, laxative overuse, low card diet, ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia
>>low ph, low HCO<<
✔✔signs of: respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔dizziness, fainting, vomiting, nausea, tetnay
(muscle spasms)
✔✔signs of: respiratory acidosis - ✔✔headache, anxiety, blurred vision, restlessness,
confusion
✔✔signs of: metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔weakness, confusion, hand tremor,
lightheadedness, muscle twitching, n/v, tetany, numbness or tingling in the hands, feet,
or face
✔✔signs of: metabolic acidosis - ✔✔dry skin, dry mucus membranes, lethargy, hungry,
thirsty
✔✔treatment: respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔breathing control, control oxygen intake into
lungs, breath into paper bag
✔✔treatment: respiratory acidosis - ✔✔clear airway, fluids, oxygen
✔✔treatment: metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔antiemetic, Reglan
✔✔treatment: metabolic acidosis - ✔✔treat underlying cause*, IV fluids, sodium
bicarbonate (reduces the acidity in blood)
✔✔primary prevention - ✔✔exercise, proper nutrition, immunizations
✔✔secondary prevention - ✔✔regular exams/screenings, low-dose aspirins, modified
work
✔✔tertiary prevention - ✔✔rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management
programs, support groups
✔✔objective data - ✔✔can be gathered by senses (vision, hearing, touching)
✔✔subjective data - ✔✔data given by the patient, "symptoms"
✔✔gas exchange: ventilation - ✔✔the exchange of air between the lungs and the
atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Phenergan - ✔✔used for allergy symptoms, motion sickness, nausea, vomiting,
pain, sleep aid, sedative
✔✔Phenergan SE - ✔✔SE: drowsiness, ringing in ears, double vision, nervousness, dry
mouth
✔✔Zofran - ✔✔used for treatment of chemotherapy/radiation induced emesis, prevents
N/V.
✔✔Zofran SE - ✔✔SE: diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, headache, fatigue, sleepiness,
nervousness, and muscle cramps
✔✔Oxygen - ✔✔used for COPD, chronic lung disorder, heart disease, kidney disease,
shortness of breath, sleep disorders, ect...
✔✔Oxygen NI - ✔✔NI: monitor skin beneath nose for breakdown, equipment safety, 6
rights of medication administration
✔✔Atrovent - ✔✔used to dilate bronchi with bronchospasm and COPD
✔✔Atrovent SE/NI - ✔✔SE: anxiety, dizziness, cough, worsening symptoms,
bronchospasms
NI: evaluate respiratory status
✔✔Prednisone - ✔✔used to decrease inflammation
✔✔Prednisone SE - ✔✔SE: changes in mental status, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia,
increase risk for infection, moon face, weight gain, immunosuppression
** must taper dose to discontinue
*** do not use with fungal infections
✔✔what causes: respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔hyperventilation*, drug use, asthma,
pregnancy
>>high ph, low PCO<<
✔✔what causes: respiratory acidosis - ✔✔hypoventilation*, lung disease, asthma,
pulmonary edema, COPD, acute pneumonia
>>low ph, high PCO<<
✔✔what causes: metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔vomiting*, drug use, electrolyte imbalances,
GI suctioning, hypokalemia, overuse of antacids
, >>high ph - high HCO<<
✔✔what causes: metabolic acidosis - ✔✔diarrhea*, starvation, dehydration, drug use,
renal failure, alcohol abuse, laxative overuse, low card diet, ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia
>>low ph, low HCO<<
✔✔signs of: respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔dizziness, fainting, vomiting, nausea, tetnay
(muscle spasms)
✔✔signs of: respiratory acidosis - ✔✔headache, anxiety, blurred vision, restlessness,
confusion
✔✔signs of: metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔weakness, confusion, hand tremor,
lightheadedness, muscle twitching, n/v, tetany, numbness or tingling in the hands, feet,
or face
✔✔signs of: metabolic acidosis - ✔✔dry skin, dry mucus membranes, lethargy, hungry,
thirsty
✔✔treatment: respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔breathing control, control oxygen intake into
lungs, breath into paper bag
✔✔treatment: respiratory acidosis - ✔✔clear airway, fluids, oxygen
✔✔treatment: metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔antiemetic, Reglan
✔✔treatment: metabolic acidosis - ✔✔treat underlying cause*, IV fluids, sodium
bicarbonate (reduces the acidity in blood)
✔✔primary prevention - ✔✔exercise, proper nutrition, immunizations
✔✔secondary prevention - ✔✔regular exams/screenings, low-dose aspirins, modified
work
✔✔tertiary prevention - ✔✔rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management
programs, support groups
✔✔objective data - ✔✔can be gathered by senses (vision, hearing, touching)
✔✔subjective data - ✔✔data given by the patient, "symptoms"
✔✔gas exchange: ventilation - ✔✔the exchange of air between the lungs and the
atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli
