CCC1 TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔What appearance does stool usually take when it contains occult blood - ✔✔dark
black color with a sticky appearance (tar)
✔✔How long can a client go without a bowel movement before actions should be taken
to treat constipation - ✔✔3 days
✔✔What clinical manifestation is common among older patients with a urinary tract
infection - ✔✔delirium or confusion in the absence of a fever. Subtle changes in mental
status may be the first symptom of an infection, so monitor the older adult closely for
changes in alertness and orientation
✔✔urine color - ✔✔Urine is normally some shade of yellow, with the average being
straw colored or amber. The color may darken when the urine is more concentrated.
Smoky red or dark brown urine may indicate the presence of blood or myoglobin, which
is a by-product of muscle tissue injury. Very dark amber urine may be due to the
presence of bilirubin. Other color variations may occur from medications the patient is
taking, from certain foods (such as beets), or from water-soluble dyes consumed in food
✔✔urin clarity - ✔✔Cloudy urine may contain bacteria or large amounts of protein
✔✔urine odor - ✔✔Normal urine smells faintly like ammonia. If the odor is foul, infection
may be present. If the odor resembles acetone, ketones are probably present. Other
odors may occur depending on what foods or vitamins the person has ingested
✔✔Urine Specefic Gravity - ✔✔Specific gravity is the thinness or thickness of the urine.
It may be measured by a urinometer, an instrument that reads the amount of light the
urine absorbs, or by a chemical dipstick. The normal range is 1.010 to 1.030, but
conditions such as dehydration and fluid excess may extend the range slightly in either
direction
✔✔Urine pH - ✔✔is slightly acidic, ranging from 5.5 to 7.0
✔✔anuria - ✔✔absence of urine. it is present when less than 100 mL of urine is
excreted in 24 hours. It may be caused by urinary suppression (the kidneys are not
forming urine) or the retention of urine (all urine is not expelled from the bladder during
voiding
✔✔dysuria - ✔✔painful urination or difficult urination. Occurs when inflammation is
present in the bladder or urethra, usually because of infection or trauma.
,✔✔nocturia - ✔✔frequent urination at night. occurs when the person must get up to
urinate during the night more than once or twice.
✔✔oliguria - ✔✔decreased amount of urine output. occurs when urine output falls below
400 mL/24 h. It may be a sign of kidney failure, blockage of urine outflow somewhere in
the system, or retention.
✔✔polyuria - ✔✔excessive urination. occurs when large amounts of urine are voided,
with an output greater than 1500 mL/24 h. It is usually associated with either diabetes
mellitus, in which there is an absence of insulin, or diabetes insipidus, in which there is
decreased production of ADH.
✔✔Why does severe dehydration interfere with urinary elimination? - ✔✔it causes the
urine to become more concentrated, makes your bladder irritated, and incontinence
worsens.
✔✔For what kind of client should the nurse select a urinary catheter with a Coudé tip for
catheterization - ✔✔a male client when the prostate is enlarged
✔✔In what circumstances straight catheterization used - ✔✔if the bladder scan contains
a large amount of urine and the bladder is not emptying suffciently. is used to relieve
retention when a patient is temporarily unable to void or to obtain a sterile specimen.
"for immediate relief or a urine sample"
✔✔What is another name used for an indwelling urinary catheter? - ✔✔Foley catheter
✔✔What kind of urinary catheter is non-invasive - ✔✔condom catheter
✔✔What is the first step you should take when planning to insert a Foley catheter? -
✔✔perform good hand hygiene to reduce risk of infection.
✔✔What kinds of conditions might cause hypoactive bowel sounds - ✔✔An absence or
reduction of peristaltic movement of the bowel results in a hypoactive bowel. Some
injuries and diseases cause a hypoactive bowel, but often this condition is a
complication of immobility. In addition, after abdominal surgery, patients can develop a
paralytic ileus; peristalsis stops due to the manipulation of the bowel during surgery. In
some people, the lack of sufficient dietary fiber and decreased exercise may produce a
sluggish or hypoactive bowel. Constipation.
✔✔How is pain management evaluated? What steps should you take if the patient
reports inadequate pain management? - ✔✔The pain scale. P: Provocative or Palliative.
What brings it on? What were you doing when you first noticed it? What makes it
better? Worse? Q: Quality or Quantity. How does it look,feel, sound? How
intense/severe is it? R: Region or Radiation. Where is it? Does it spread anywhere? S:
, Severity Scale. How bad is it (on a scale of 0 to 10)? Is it getting better, worse,staying
the same?T: Timing. Onset—Exactly when did it first occur? Duration—How long did it
last?Frequency—How often does it occur?U: Understand Patient's Perception of the
Problem. What do you think it means?
✔✔· Nursing interventions for non-pharmacological pain management, benefits of non-
pharmacological pain management - ✔✔o Relaxation
o Biofeedback
o Distraction
o Hypnosis
o Stress reduction
o Meditation
o Guided imagery
o Massage
o Acupuncture
o Therapeutic touch
o Hot or cold therapy
o TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)
benefits: non medicinal pain control methods provide varying degrees of relief,
depending on the patient. Use of non medicinal methods of pain control may greatly
reduce the amount of medication needed. As patients achieve pain control and as
changes in their condition reduce overall pain, they will voluntarily decrease the use of
medications
✔✔· What pain management tasks can be delegated to a nursing assistant? Which
tasks must be completed by the nurse? - ✔✔nursing assistant can report if patient is
having pain, hot and cold compresses (with nurse checking on the skin), nurse must do
pain scale, medication, assessments, and education.
✔✔Who is the most qualified to determine the pain level of the patient? - ✔✔the patient
✔✔How are heating pads or ice packs properly used? What are the risks of their use?
What patient populations are most at risk? - ✔✔Heat: The use of heat-producing
equipment may require a medical order. When applying heat, check the temperature
carefully to avoid burning the patient. Remember that very young and very old patients
have skin that is more sensitive to heat damage. In addition, patients with altered levels
of consciousness, impaired movement and feeling, or poor circulation may not be aware
when something is too hot. These patients can suffer severe burns in a short period. All
patients should be closely monitored if heat applications are being used
Ice packs: Cold is most frequently applied in the form of cold or iced compresses. Some
patients have a poor tolerance for cold treatment, so be alert to the patient's response
when using cold applications. Occasionally, patients have an increase rather than a
decrease in pain when ice is applied. To prevent skin damage, ice should be in contact
with the skin for only a few minutes at a time, under direct supervision. Ice packs should
GRADED A+
✔✔What appearance does stool usually take when it contains occult blood - ✔✔dark
black color with a sticky appearance (tar)
✔✔How long can a client go without a bowel movement before actions should be taken
to treat constipation - ✔✔3 days
✔✔What clinical manifestation is common among older patients with a urinary tract
infection - ✔✔delirium or confusion in the absence of a fever. Subtle changes in mental
status may be the first symptom of an infection, so monitor the older adult closely for
changes in alertness and orientation
✔✔urine color - ✔✔Urine is normally some shade of yellow, with the average being
straw colored or amber. The color may darken when the urine is more concentrated.
Smoky red or dark brown urine may indicate the presence of blood or myoglobin, which
is a by-product of muscle tissue injury. Very dark amber urine may be due to the
presence of bilirubin. Other color variations may occur from medications the patient is
taking, from certain foods (such as beets), or from water-soluble dyes consumed in food
✔✔urin clarity - ✔✔Cloudy urine may contain bacteria or large amounts of protein
✔✔urine odor - ✔✔Normal urine smells faintly like ammonia. If the odor is foul, infection
may be present. If the odor resembles acetone, ketones are probably present. Other
odors may occur depending on what foods or vitamins the person has ingested
✔✔Urine Specefic Gravity - ✔✔Specific gravity is the thinness or thickness of the urine.
It may be measured by a urinometer, an instrument that reads the amount of light the
urine absorbs, or by a chemical dipstick. The normal range is 1.010 to 1.030, but
conditions such as dehydration and fluid excess may extend the range slightly in either
direction
✔✔Urine pH - ✔✔is slightly acidic, ranging from 5.5 to 7.0
✔✔anuria - ✔✔absence of urine. it is present when less than 100 mL of urine is
excreted in 24 hours. It may be caused by urinary suppression (the kidneys are not
forming urine) or the retention of urine (all urine is not expelled from the bladder during
voiding
✔✔dysuria - ✔✔painful urination or difficult urination. Occurs when inflammation is
present in the bladder or urethra, usually because of infection or trauma.
,✔✔nocturia - ✔✔frequent urination at night. occurs when the person must get up to
urinate during the night more than once or twice.
✔✔oliguria - ✔✔decreased amount of urine output. occurs when urine output falls below
400 mL/24 h. It may be a sign of kidney failure, blockage of urine outflow somewhere in
the system, or retention.
✔✔polyuria - ✔✔excessive urination. occurs when large amounts of urine are voided,
with an output greater than 1500 mL/24 h. It is usually associated with either diabetes
mellitus, in which there is an absence of insulin, or diabetes insipidus, in which there is
decreased production of ADH.
✔✔Why does severe dehydration interfere with urinary elimination? - ✔✔it causes the
urine to become more concentrated, makes your bladder irritated, and incontinence
worsens.
✔✔For what kind of client should the nurse select a urinary catheter with a Coudé tip for
catheterization - ✔✔a male client when the prostate is enlarged
✔✔In what circumstances straight catheterization used - ✔✔if the bladder scan contains
a large amount of urine and the bladder is not emptying suffciently. is used to relieve
retention when a patient is temporarily unable to void or to obtain a sterile specimen.
"for immediate relief or a urine sample"
✔✔What is another name used for an indwelling urinary catheter? - ✔✔Foley catheter
✔✔What kind of urinary catheter is non-invasive - ✔✔condom catheter
✔✔What is the first step you should take when planning to insert a Foley catheter? -
✔✔perform good hand hygiene to reduce risk of infection.
✔✔What kinds of conditions might cause hypoactive bowel sounds - ✔✔An absence or
reduction of peristaltic movement of the bowel results in a hypoactive bowel. Some
injuries and diseases cause a hypoactive bowel, but often this condition is a
complication of immobility. In addition, after abdominal surgery, patients can develop a
paralytic ileus; peristalsis stops due to the manipulation of the bowel during surgery. In
some people, the lack of sufficient dietary fiber and decreased exercise may produce a
sluggish or hypoactive bowel. Constipation.
✔✔How is pain management evaluated? What steps should you take if the patient
reports inadequate pain management? - ✔✔The pain scale. P: Provocative or Palliative.
What brings it on? What were you doing when you first noticed it? What makes it
better? Worse? Q: Quality or Quantity. How does it look,feel, sound? How
intense/severe is it? R: Region or Radiation. Where is it? Does it spread anywhere? S:
, Severity Scale. How bad is it (on a scale of 0 to 10)? Is it getting better, worse,staying
the same?T: Timing. Onset—Exactly when did it first occur? Duration—How long did it
last?Frequency—How often does it occur?U: Understand Patient's Perception of the
Problem. What do you think it means?
✔✔· Nursing interventions for non-pharmacological pain management, benefits of non-
pharmacological pain management - ✔✔o Relaxation
o Biofeedback
o Distraction
o Hypnosis
o Stress reduction
o Meditation
o Guided imagery
o Massage
o Acupuncture
o Therapeutic touch
o Hot or cold therapy
o TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)
benefits: non medicinal pain control methods provide varying degrees of relief,
depending on the patient. Use of non medicinal methods of pain control may greatly
reduce the amount of medication needed. As patients achieve pain control and as
changes in their condition reduce overall pain, they will voluntarily decrease the use of
medications
✔✔· What pain management tasks can be delegated to a nursing assistant? Which
tasks must be completed by the nurse? - ✔✔nursing assistant can report if patient is
having pain, hot and cold compresses (with nurse checking on the skin), nurse must do
pain scale, medication, assessments, and education.
✔✔Who is the most qualified to determine the pain level of the patient? - ✔✔the patient
✔✔How are heating pads or ice packs properly used? What are the risks of their use?
What patient populations are most at risk? - ✔✔Heat: The use of heat-producing
equipment may require a medical order. When applying heat, check the temperature
carefully to avoid burning the patient. Remember that very young and very old patients
have skin that is more sensitive to heat damage. In addition, patients with altered levels
of consciousness, impaired movement and feeling, or poor circulation may not be aware
when something is too hot. These patients can suffer severe burns in a short period. All
patients should be closely monitored if heat applications are being used
Ice packs: Cold is most frequently applied in the form of cold or iced compresses. Some
patients have a poor tolerance for cold treatment, so be alert to the patient's response
when using cold applications. Occasionally, patients have an increase rather than a
decrease in pain when ice is applied. To prevent skin damage, ice should be in contact
with the skin for only a few minutes at a time, under direct supervision. Ice packs should
