Air Methods Critical Care Exam (200)
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Answered Questions
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What is the most reliable method of confirming and montioring correct placement of
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an ET tube? - ANSWER-Continuous waveform capnography
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The upper airway consists of... - ANSWER-Nose, Mouth, Jaw, Oral Cavity, Pharynx,
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and Larynx
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No gas exchange occurs here __________, it's called ____________. - ANSWER-
v v v v v v v v v v
Nose to terminal bronchioles, anatomical dead space. (2ml/kg of inspired tidal
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volume) They conduct airflow towards gas exchange units.
v v v v v v v v
Crycothyroid membrane - ANSWER-between thyroid and cricoid, avascular structure
v v v v v v v v
that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage. Site of CRiCOTHYROTOMY- an
v v v v v v v v v v v
emergency opening of the airway.
v v v v v
A PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg indicates:
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A. Metabolic acidosis.
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B. Metabolic alkalosis.
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C. Respiratory acidosis.
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D. Respiratory alkalosis. - ANSWER-C. Respiratory acidosis
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PaCO2 normal range - ANSWER-35-45 mm Hg Less than 35 likely means
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hyperventilation
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Tracheal deviation AWAY from the affected side, decreased breath sounds, and
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hyperresonance... What's happening? - ANSWER-Tension pneumothorax
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In a tension pneumothorax tracheal deviation goes in what direction? - ANSWER-
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AWAY from affected side. v v v
Normal mean pulmonary artery pressure - ANSWER-10-20 mmHg
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Pulmonary hypertension is a mean PA pressure greater than... - ANSWER-(PAm)
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greater than 20
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Primary pulmonary hypertension - ANSWER-Idiopathic genetic disorder caused by
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abnormal structure of the pulmonary blood vessels
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Name three causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension.. - ANSWER-1. Passive
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PH- the result of back pressure. Mitral Stenosis, LV systolic failure.
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2. Active PH- Constriction of the pulmonary circuit Increased volume in pulmonary
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circuit (i.e. congenital heart disease)
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,3. Obstruction as in Chronic recurrent PE
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TNP of the Pregnant patient - ANSWER-Resuscitation priorities are the same. The
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best way to take care of the baby is to take care of mama
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Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics the most common cause of maternal injury v v v v v v v v v v v
is... - ANSWER-Blunt trauma caused by MVC. Second is BT caused by falls, 3rd is
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violence
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fetal distress is an early sign of maternal distress... Why? - ANSWER-Catecholamine
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vmediated vasoconstriction resulting from blood loss shunts blood away from the fetus
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vto the mom.
v v
Fetal hypo perfusion is evidenced by.... - ANSWER-Fetal tachycardia (140 to 160+)
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and fetal bradycardia
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The FRC in a pregnant patient is.... - ANSWER-Reduced by the gravid uterus lifting
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the diaphragm.
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chest tube placement in a pregnant patient is 1-2 spaces higher - ANSWER-Because
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of the lifted diaphragm
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What is the cause of physiological anemia in pregnant patients? - ANSWER-
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Hemodilitional anemia occurs. Plasma volume increases 30-50%. v v v v v v
Preterm Labor (PTL) - ANSWER- v v v v
abruptio placentae - ANSWER-premature separation of the placenta from the uterine
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wall
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On a pregnant patient... - ANSWER-Chest compressions must be higher on the
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sternum.
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Any preg patient 20 weeks pregnant or more with a uterus above the umbilicus
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should have the uterus left laterally displaced during compressions to avoid
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aortocaval compression. A 15 degree tilt of the long board or lateral displacement.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
What is the Maternal Fetal Triage Index? - ANSWER-A valid reliable 5 level triage
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tool that may assist in the triage of obstetric trauma patients.
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Displacing the uterus off the vena cava can improve CO by - ANSWER-approximately
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30%!
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Continuous fetal monitoring is recommended... - ANSWER-for all pregnant patients 20
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or more weeks gestation... or (uterus above belly button).
v v v v v v v v v
, Fundal height measurement - ANSWER-equals the approximate gestational age in
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weeks, until week 32.
v v v v v
Belly button is 20 weeksv v v v
Height of last rib is 26 weeks v v v v v v v
costal margin is 36 weeks v v v v
Any fundal height indicating 23 or more weeks... - ANSWER-at the last rib and above
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is consistent with a viable fetus.
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What type of blood should a pregnant trauma patient receive? - ANSWER-O-NEG
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baybay.
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Initiate cardiotocography in any mother - ANSWER-20 or more weeks gestation, must
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vbe monitored for at least 6 hours.
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What is the serum lab test that detects fetal red cells in the maternal circulation? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSWER-Kleinhauer Bette KB serum test. This lab is used to determine if
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hemorrhage of fetal blood through the placenta and into maternal circulation. KB test
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
is an important detector of abruptio placentae, preterm labor and need to administer
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Rh negative globulin when mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive.
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Continue fetal monitoring for a minimum of ---- hours for any viable pregnancy and up
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to _____ hours if there is abdominal trauma - ANSWER-6..... 24
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Sonography has __________ for diagnosis placental abruption, - ANSWER-POOR....
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they miss 50-80% of abruptions.
v v v v v
In addition to routine labs a - ANSWER-Prothrombin (PT ) and PTT and serial coags
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vshould be drawn. Beta Human Chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG)
v v v v v v v
Measure and record fundal height every - ANSWER-30 minutes.
v v v v v v v v
Pediatric Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics - ANSWER-Blunt trauma MVC >
v v v v v v v v v v
suffocations > drownings > fires/burns. No. 1 cause of fatalities is TBI.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Primary Survey/ Resuscitation - ANSWER-Survival rates in pediatric emergency can
v v v v v v v v v
be directly correlated with
v v v v v
1.RAPID AIRWAY MANAGEMENT, v v v
2.INITIATION OF VENTILATORY SUPPORT, AND v v v v v
3.EARLY RECOGNITION OF AND EARLY RESPONSE TO INTRA abdominal AND
v v v v v v v v v
intracranial hemorrhages
v v
A STEMI is a __________ resulting from a _________. - ANSWER-Complete
v v v v v v v v v v
Occlusion of a coronary artery
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v v v v v
Answered Questions
v v
What is the most reliable method of confirming and montioring correct placement of
v v v v v v v v v v v v
an ET tube? - ANSWER-Continuous waveform capnography
v v v v v v v
The upper airway consists of... - ANSWER-Nose, Mouth, Jaw, Oral Cavity, Pharynx,
v v v v v v v v v v v
and Larynx
v v
No gas exchange occurs here __________, it's called ____________. - ANSWER-
v v v v v v v v v v
Nose to terminal bronchioles, anatomical dead space. (2ml/kg of inspired tidal
v v v v v v v v v v
volume) They conduct airflow towards gas exchange units.
v v v v v v v v
Crycothyroid membrane - ANSWER-between thyroid and cricoid, avascular structure
v v v v v v v v
that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage. Site of CRiCOTHYROTOMY- an
v v v v v v v v v v v
emergency opening of the airway.
v v v v v
A PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg indicates:
v v v v v v
A. Metabolic acidosis.
v v
B. Metabolic alkalosis.
v v
C. Respiratory acidosis.
v v
D. Respiratory alkalosis. - ANSWER-C. Respiratory acidosis
v v v v v v
PaCO2 normal range - ANSWER-35-45 mm Hg Less than 35 likely means
v v v v v v v v v v v
hyperventilation
v
Tracheal deviation AWAY from the affected side, decreased breath sounds, and
v v v v v v v v v v
hyperresonance... What's happening? - ANSWER-Tension pneumothorax
v v v v v v
In a tension pneumothorax tracheal deviation goes in what direction? - ANSWER-
v v v v v v v v v v v
AWAY from affected side. v v v
Normal mean pulmonary artery pressure - ANSWER-10-20 mmHg
v v v v v v v
Pulmonary hypertension is a mean PA pressure greater than... - ANSWER-(PAm)
v v v v v v v v v v
greater than 20
v v v
Primary pulmonary hypertension - ANSWER-Idiopathic genetic disorder caused by
v v v v v v v v
abnormal structure of the pulmonary blood vessels
v v v v v v v
Name three causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension.. - ANSWER-1. Passive
v v v v v v v v v
PH- the result of back pressure. Mitral Stenosis, LV systolic failure.
v v v v v v v v v v v
2. Active PH- Constriction of the pulmonary circuit Increased volume in pulmonary
v v v v v v v v v v v
circuit (i.e. congenital heart disease)
v v v v v
,3. Obstruction as in Chronic recurrent PE
v v v v v v
TNP of the Pregnant patient - ANSWER-Resuscitation priorities are the same. The
v v v v v v v v v v v
best way to take care of the baby is to take care of mama
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics the most common cause of maternal injury v v v v v v v v v v v
is... - ANSWER-Blunt trauma caused by MVC. Second is BT caused by falls, 3rd is
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
violence
v
fetal distress is an early sign of maternal distress... Why? - ANSWER-Catecholamine
v v v v v v v v v v v
vmediated vasoconstriction resulting from blood loss shunts blood away from the fetus
v v v v v v v v v v v
vto the mom.
v v
Fetal hypo perfusion is evidenced by.... - ANSWER-Fetal tachycardia (140 to 160+)
v v v v v v v v v v v
and fetal bradycardia
v v v
The FRC in a pregnant patient is.... - ANSWER-Reduced by the gravid uterus lifting
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the diaphragm.
v v
chest tube placement in a pregnant patient is 1-2 spaces higher - ANSWER-Because
v v v v v v v v v v v v
of the lifted diaphragm
v v v v
What is the cause of physiological anemia in pregnant patients? - ANSWER-
v v v v v v v v v v v
Hemodilitional anemia occurs. Plasma volume increases 30-50%. v v v v v v
Preterm Labor (PTL) - ANSWER- v v v v
abruptio placentae - ANSWER-premature separation of the placenta from the uterine
v v v v v v v v v v
wall
v
On a pregnant patient... - ANSWER-Chest compressions must be higher on the
v v v v v v v v v v v
sternum.
v v
Any preg patient 20 weeks pregnant or more with a uterus above the umbilicus
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
should have the uterus left laterally displaced during compressions to avoid
v v v v v v v v v v v
aortocaval compression. A 15 degree tilt of the long board or lateral displacement.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
What is the Maternal Fetal Triage Index? - ANSWER-A valid reliable 5 level triage
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
tool that may assist in the triage of obstetric trauma patients.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Displacing the uterus off the vena cava can improve CO by - ANSWER-approximately
v v v v v v v v v v v v
30%!
v
Continuous fetal monitoring is recommended... - ANSWER-for all pregnant patients 20
v v v v v v v v v v
or more weeks gestation... or (uterus above belly button).
v v v v v v v v v
, Fundal height measurement - ANSWER-equals the approximate gestational age in
v v v v v v v v v
weeks, until week 32.
v v v v v
Belly button is 20 weeksv v v v
Height of last rib is 26 weeks v v v v v v v
costal margin is 36 weeks v v v v
Any fundal height indicating 23 or more weeks... - ANSWER-at the last rib and above
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
is consistent with a viable fetus.
v v v v v v
What type of blood should a pregnant trauma patient receive? - ANSWER-O-NEG
v v v v v v v v v v v
baybay.
v
Initiate cardiotocography in any mother - ANSWER-20 or more weeks gestation, must
v v v v v v v v v v v
vbe monitored for at least 6 hours.
v v v v v v
What is the serum lab test that detects fetal red cells in the maternal circulation? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSWER-Kleinhauer Bette KB serum test. This lab is used to determine if
v v v v v v v v v v v v
hemorrhage of fetal blood through the placenta and into maternal circulation. KB test
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
is an important detector of abruptio placentae, preterm labor and need to administer
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Rh negative globulin when mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Continue fetal monitoring for a minimum of ---- hours for any viable pregnancy and up
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
to _____ hours if there is abdominal trauma - ANSWER-6..... 24
v v v v v v v v v v v
Sonography has __________ for diagnosis placental abruption, - ANSWER-POOR....
v v v v v v v v
they miss 50-80% of abruptions.
v v v v v
In addition to routine labs a - ANSWER-Prothrombin (PT ) and PTT and serial coags
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vshould be drawn. Beta Human Chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG)
v v v v v v v
Measure and record fundal height every - ANSWER-30 minutes.
v v v v v v v v
Pediatric Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics - ANSWER-Blunt trauma MVC >
v v v v v v v v v v
suffocations > drownings > fires/burns. No. 1 cause of fatalities is TBI.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Primary Survey/ Resuscitation - ANSWER-Survival rates in pediatric emergency can
v v v v v v v v v
be directly correlated with
v v v v v
1.RAPID AIRWAY MANAGEMENT, v v v
2.INITIATION OF VENTILATORY SUPPORT, AND v v v v v
3.EARLY RECOGNITION OF AND EARLY RESPONSE TO INTRA abdominal AND
v v v v v v v v v
intracranial hemorrhages
v v
A STEMI is a __________ resulting from a _________. - ANSWER-Complete
v v v v v v v v v v
Occlusion of a coronary artery
v v v v v v
