CSD431 EXAM 2 Q&A
anomic comprehension and repetition - Answer-relatively preserved
transcortical motor production - Answer--poor planning and initiation
-breakdown of verbal initiative
-production can often be supported though some might do ok with naming pictures,
completing sentences that are already started
transcortical motor comprehension - Answer--relatively preserved
-may have difficulty with complexity
transcortical motor repetition - Answer-good
transcortical motor house model - Answer--arrow between concept center and speech
planning knocked out
-lesions tend to be in frontal lobe, left dorsal lateral prefrontal area, lots of white matter
areas
transcortical sensory production - Answer--phonemic paraphasia's, substitutions,
neologisms
transcortical sensory comprehension - Answer-impaired
transcortical sensory repetition - Answer-good
transcortical sensory house model - Answer--arrow between auditory word forms and
concept center knocked out
-lesions tend to be farther back in the brain at junction of parietal, occipital and temporal
lobes
mixed transcortical aphasia - Answer--disruption from auditory --> concept center -->
speech planning
-production: combination of other 2
-comprehension: impaired
-repetition: good
bilingual aphasia - Answer--michel pardis, 1977
-recovery of each language can take different path
-synergistic differential: start at 2 different levels and increase in similar way but not at
same rate
-synergistic parallel: both recovering at same rate and pattern
-antagonistic: once 2nd starts to improve, other declines
-successive: first improves before 2nd
, -selective: some will improve and other won't
primary progressive aphasias - Answer--progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA)
-semantic dementia (SD)
-logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA)
how are primary progressives defined - Answer-¨ Adult-onset
¨ Degenerative
¨ Distinguished from other degenerative impairments in that decline in language ability is
the primary characteristic
¨ Cortical thinning: atrophy of cortical tissue due to cell loss
classification scheme primary progressive - Answer--classification centers on type of
linguistic ability lost rather than on behaviors
-PNFA: characterized by decline in morpho-syntactic ability
-SD: characterized by decline of conceptual knowledge (essential for language
production and perception, understanding how meaning works is lost)
-LPA: decline in word-find and verbal short-term memory (more and more difficulty in
finding lexical item they need, and difficulty in using verbal STM to support language
processing
PNFA production - Answer--non-fluent and Broca-like (agrammatism)
-marked by phonological errors (errors seen in non brocas like aphasias)
-deficits in initiating and maintaining speech (similar to TCMA)
PNFA comprehension - Answer--difficulty when meaning relies on morpho-syntax (also
Broca-like)
-I.e., the dog chased the cat vs. the cat was chased by the dog
-second sentence is more difficult because meaning cant be derived from just word
order
PNFA repetition - Answer--impaired at word, phrase, and sentence level- conceptual
knowledge is intact, but difficulty in repeating content words
cortical thinning associated with PNFA - Answer--begins in Brocas area - posterior
inferior frontal gyrus
-extends dorsally and anteriorly to dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex
-extends posteriorly to anterior ínsula and anterior parietal lobe
SD production - Answer--fluent, but with erroneous substitutions (wrong words)
-super-ordinate substitutions: use a word that is at the wrong layer of concept tree
(animals --> dog, horse --> lab, poodle) want to say dog but say animal instead)
-naming is poor
-nouns can be more impaired than verbs
anomic comprehension and repetition - Answer-relatively preserved
transcortical motor production - Answer--poor planning and initiation
-breakdown of verbal initiative
-production can often be supported though some might do ok with naming pictures,
completing sentences that are already started
transcortical motor comprehension - Answer--relatively preserved
-may have difficulty with complexity
transcortical motor repetition - Answer-good
transcortical motor house model - Answer--arrow between concept center and speech
planning knocked out
-lesions tend to be in frontal lobe, left dorsal lateral prefrontal area, lots of white matter
areas
transcortical sensory production - Answer--phonemic paraphasia's, substitutions,
neologisms
transcortical sensory comprehension - Answer-impaired
transcortical sensory repetition - Answer-good
transcortical sensory house model - Answer--arrow between auditory word forms and
concept center knocked out
-lesions tend to be farther back in the brain at junction of parietal, occipital and temporal
lobes
mixed transcortical aphasia - Answer--disruption from auditory --> concept center -->
speech planning
-production: combination of other 2
-comprehension: impaired
-repetition: good
bilingual aphasia - Answer--michel pardis, 1977
-recovery of each language can take different path
-synergistic differential: start at 2 different levels and increase in similar way but not at
same rate
-synergistic parallel: both recovering at same rate and pattern
-antagonistic: once 2nd starts to improve, other declines
-successive: first improves before 2nd
, -selective: some will improve and other won't
primary progressive aphasias - Answer--progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA)
-semantic dementia (SD)
-logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA)
how are primary progressives defined - Answer-¨ Adult-onset
¨ Degenerative
¨ Distinguished from other degenerative impairments in that decline in language ability is
the primary characteristic
¨ Cortical thinning: atrophy of cortical tissue due to cell loss
classification scheme primary progressive - Answer--classification centers on type of
linguistic ability lost rather than on behaviors
-PNFA: characterized by decline in morpho-syntactic ability
-SD: characterized by decline of conceptual knowledge (essential for language
production and perception, understanding how meaning works is lost)
-LPA: decline in word-find and verbal short-term memory (more and more difficulty in
finding lexical item they need, and difficulty in using verbal STM to support language
processing
PNFA production - Answer--non-fluent and Broca-like (agrammatism)
-marked by phonological errors (errors seen in non brocas like aphasias)
-deficits in initiating and maintaining speech (similar to TCMA)
PNFA comprehension - Answer--difficulty when meaning relies on morpho-syntax (also
Broca-like)
-I.e., the dog chased the cat vs. the cat was chased by the dog
-second sentence is more difficult because meaning cant be derived from just word
order
PNFA repetition - Answer--impaired at word, phrase, and sentence level- conceptual
knowledge is intact, but difficulty in repeating content words
cortical thinning associated with PNFA - Answer--begins in Brocas area - posterior
inferior frontal gyrus
-extends dorsally and anteriorly to dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex
-extends posteriorly to anterior ínsula and anterior parietal lobe
SD production - Answer--fluent, but with erroneous substitutions (wrong words)
-super-ordinate substitutions: use a word that is at the wrong layer of concept tree
(animals --> dog, horse --> lab, poodle) want to say dog but say animal instead)
-naming is poor
-nouns can be more impaired than verbs
