UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 Exam -REAL ACTUAL
EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATE| COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS-RATED 100% CORRECT!!ALREADY GRADED A+
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - (answers)Deficiency of neurotransmitters in
brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor
binding with serotonin.
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - (answers)A deficiency of
monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
Antidepressants increase - (answers)Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine
neurotransmitters.
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters - (answers)Neurotransmitters do not
have time to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation - (answers)HPA system
dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large percentage of
people suffering from major depression.
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of - -
(answers)Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse
transmission
neurofibrillary tangles - (answers)are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
neurons of the brain.
Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with -
(answers)Memory loss
Most common cause of dementia - (answers)Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
,Characteristics of Alzheimer's - (answers)Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new
things, dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
Parkinson's Disease is - (answers)Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
shaking palsy
Parkinson's disease is associated with - (answers)basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of
neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease - (answers)Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia,
muscular rigidity and postural abnormalities.
2 Main Categories of CVA - (answers)Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
Hemorrhagic CVA - (answers)Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces
brain tissue and increases ICP
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke - (answers)Intracerebral and subarachnoid
Intracerebral Hemorrhage - (answers)Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - (answers)Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by
trauma, aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
Ischemic CVA - (answers)reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible
cell death with associated cerebral edema
3 types of ischemic CVA - (answers)thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
, Thrombotic - (answers)caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood
vessel due to localized occlusive process
Embolic - (answers)caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to
brain
Hypercoaguable state - (answers)conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing
blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
Multiple sclerosis - (answers)chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of
the CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
Acetylcholine - (answers)excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning, memory-
involved in memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Norepinephrine - (answers)Helps control alertness and arousal. Under supply can depress
mood.
Serotonin - (answers)inhibitory, involved with mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal- insufficient
linked to depression, involved in migraine headaches, Prozac and antidepressant drugs raise
levels
Dopamine - (answers)excitatory, influences movement, learning, emotions, pleasure,
decreased levels associated with tremors in parkinson's and depression, excess linked to
schizophrenia
GABA - (answers)major inhibitory, undersupply linked to anxiety, seizures, tremors and
insomnia
Glutamate - (answers)A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory, oversupply
can overstimulate brain producing migraines or seizures (MSG)
EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATE| COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS-RATED 100% CORRECT!!ALREADY GRADED A+
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - (answers)Deficiency of neurotransmitters in
brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor
binding with serotonin.
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - (answers)A deficiency of
monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
Antidepressants increase - (answers)Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine
neurotransmitters.
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters - (answers)Neurotransmitters do not
have time to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation - (answers)HPA system
dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large percentage of
people suffering from major depression.
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of - -
(answers)Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse
transmission
neurofibrillary tangles - (answers)are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
neurons of the brain.
Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with -
(answers)Memory loss
Most common cause of dementia - (answers)Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
,Characteristics of Alzheimer's - (answers)Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new
things, dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
Parkinson's Disease is - (answers)Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
shaking palsy
Parkinson's disease is associated with - (answers)basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of
neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease - (answers)Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia,
muscular rigidity and postural abnormalities.
2 Main Categories of CVA - (answers)Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
Hemorrhagic CVA - (answers)Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces
brain tissue and increases ICP
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke - (answers)Intracerebral and subarachnoid
Intracerebral Hemorrhage - (answers)Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - (answers)Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by
trauma, aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
Ischemic CVA - (answers)reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible
cell death with associated cerebral edema
3 types of ischemic CVA - (answers)thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
, Thrombotic - (answers)caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood
vessel due to localized occlusive process
Embolic - (answers)caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to
brain
Hypercoaguable state - (answers)conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing
blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
Multiple sclerosis - (answers)chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of
the CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
Acetylcholine - (answers)excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning, memory-
involved in memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Norepinephrine - (answers)Helps control alertness and arousal. Under supply can depress
mood.
Serotonin - (answers)inhibitory, involved with mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal- insufficient
linked to depression, involved in migraine headaches, Prozac and antidepressant drugs raise
levels
Dopamine - (answers)excitatory, influences movement, learning, emotions, pleasure,
decreased levels associated with tremors in parkinson's and depression, excess linked to
schizophrenia
GABA - (answers)major inhibitory, undersupply linked to anxiety, seizures, tremors and
insomnia
Glutamate - (answers)A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory, oversupply
can overstimulate brain producing migraines or seizures (MSG)
