lOMoARcPSD|11232395
DRUG USE Side & Adverse Effects Nursing considerations Not for who? & PATIENT TEACHING
hypo, hyper, WBCs Interactions
Acetaminophen AVOID in patients who are alcoholic or who Nurse should administer
have hepatic disease. Contraindicated for acetaminophen for a client who has
chronic kidney disease and peptic ulcer peptic ulcer disease and a headache
disease
Acyclovir Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 Nausea, diarrhea, Interferon → additive antiviral effects Helps prevent new breakouts
herpes zosters, chickenpox headache, burning when Probenecid → increase acyclovir levels due to
apply decreasing renal clearance
Zidovudine → increase risk for neurotoxicity
Albumin (blood Colloid replacement therapy, Impaired coagulation and A patient in shock receiving albumin will
protein) 7.4 shock and burn, bleeding, Known drug have a PaCO2 of 30
COLLOIDS allergy to specific drug,
and hypervolemia
Albuterol (Proventil, Bronchial asthma, bronchitis, Tachycardia, Uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac
Ventolin, Proair, hypertension/hypotension dysrhythmias, high risk of stroke
, vascular headaches,
tremor
Aluminum hydroxide Peptic ulcer, gastritis, Diarrhea, kidney stone, Renal failure and electrolyte imbalance,
(antacids) heartburn, gastric constipation, thyroid hormones, valproic acid, digoxin,
hyperacidity
Amiodarone (IV or PO) PULM, CARDIO, LIVER, ECG should be monitored (they prolong the Report: dyspnea, cough, chest pain,
for life threatening
antidysrhythmic THYROID toxicities, toxic QT/PR) and may lead to Torsades de Pointes. SOB, tachy, weight gain, anorexia,
ventricular dysrhythmias
for preg, opthal and derm No: Beta, calcium blockers, seizure drugs, n/v, itching, jaundice. Not for patients
(Vtach/Vfib)
effects. Bradycardia, statins, grapefruit juice - diuretics increase risk who are pregnant, report vision
and atrial dysrhythmias (Afib)
hypotension, constipation, of dysrhy changes, avoid sunlamps/protect skin
hyperglycemia, outside.
hypoglycemia,
Amiodipine Interacts with grapefruit
Amiloride (potassium Hyperaldosteronism, Dizziness, headache, Hyperkalemia, renal and hepatic failure.
sparing diuretic) hypertension and to reverse cramps, nausea, vomiting, Lithium toxicity,
the potassium loss diarrhea, urinary
frequency, weakness,
hyperkalemia
Amikacin joint infections, intra- Hearing loss, vertigo, MAOIs (selegiline) Eldepryl → can
(aminoglycosides) abdominal infections, muscle twitching, tremor, cause seizures and death, opioids
meningitis, pneumonia, vomiting, joint pain, → increase drowsiness.
sepsis, and urinary tract anemia, low BP, low Mg epinephrine and norepinephrine:
infections. It is also used for can increase blood pressure,
the treatment of multidrug- headaches, and chest pain
resistant tuberculosis.
Amitriptyline Original indication was Dry mouth, headache, Report to provider any abnormal laboratory
(antidepressant) depression. Now is commonly weight gain, constipation, value (BILIRUBIN)
use for insomnia, and trouble urinating, sudden
neuropathic pain BP drop when standing up electrocardiogram
Can cause tachycardia and from sitting, blurred vision,
ECG changes and discolor urine
Amoxicillin Pneumonia, dental Allergic reaction (Nausea)! Skin test can cause severe reaction. Assess for Can take with meals. Complete entire
abscesses, UTI neuro effects at high doses allergy - ask, cross reaction to cephalosp, course. Report rash and wear Medic
diarrhea, hyperK carbapenmems. Caution with kidney bracelet if allergic to penicillin.
impariemnt Watch for 30min, give Epi for ALLERGY,
reaction and resp support. Monitor hyperK have Epi and resp support, HyperK,
and cardiac status. Do not have with not with aminogly
aminoglycosides
Aspirin Anti-inflammatory Reyes’s syndrome (rare Avoid given aspirin when a child or
First Generation NSAID but serious complication) adolescent has a viral illness
occurs when use in (chickenpox or influenza)
children for fever Salicylism notify HCP and stop taking
reduction. Salicylism can aspirin if manifestation occurs
occur with aspirin →
tinnitus, sweating,
headache, dizziness and
Resp Alk
Atenolol (Beta Blocker Hypertension, helps prevent Dizziness, lihgthheaded, Smoking may worse the side effects, interacts It may take 1 to 2 weeks before
LOL) strokes, heart attacks, angina, tireness, and nausea, hand with dolasetron fingolimod. Heart problems, getting full benefit. Take with food or
improves survival after a and feet cold, breathing problems, Raynaud’s disease, without. Do not drink apple juice,
Downloaded by Purity Kimani ()
, lOMoARcPSD|11232395
heart attack peripheral disease, kidney and HF. prevents absorption
Amphotericin B life-threatening anti-fungal fever, chills, loss of Nurse should monitor the clients
infections medication used to appetite, nausea, creatinine every 3 to 4 days and
treat severe fungal infections vomiting, dizziness, increase fluid intake. Reduce if the
breathing problems, or clients creatinine is 3.5 mg/dL or
headache. Nephrotoxicity greater
Atorvastatin reduce the risk of heart Diarrhea, heartburn, gas, Laboratory values indicate treatment has
attack and stroke. decrease joint pain, memory loss, been effective if patients have values of LDL
the amount of fatty confusion 120
substances such as low-
density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol ('bad cholesterol')
and triglycerides
Baclofen (muscle treat pain and certain types Dizziness, weakness,
relaxant) of spasticity (muscle stiffness confusion
and tightness) from multiple Headache, nausea
sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, Constipation, difficulty
or other spinal cord diseases falling asleep or staying
asleep, tiredness
frequent urination
Beclomethasone (Qvar) Glucocort suppress candidacies, osteoporosis Advise patients to rinse their mouth and
Used for preventative therapy only,
inflammation Inhaled (increase vitaminD and gargle after dosing to minimize dysponia.
on regular schedule. Use with a neb,
calcium) candidas. Determine the FEV1 and severity of
MDI or DPI. Delivery can be enhanced
attacks and triggers. Not for patients who
by a SABA 5 minutes before inhaling.
have Candida albicans. Record your PEF, frequency,
nighttime awakenings, effect on
activity, SABA use.
rinse mouth, look for candidas,
increase VitD/ calcium-enhance with
SABA
Bipolar disorder
Bumetanide (loop high reduce extra fluid in the body reduce the potassium level kidney problems, liver problems, inability to
ceiling diuretic) (edema) caused by conditions in your blood. muscle make urine, gout. If you have diabetes,
such as heart failure, liver cramps, weakness, unusual bumetanide may affect you sugar. Interacts with
disease, and kidney disease tiredness, confusion, severe desmopressin, indomethacin, lithium, probeneci
dizziness, fainting, d..
drowsiness, unusual dry
mouth/thirst, nausea, vomiti
ng, fast/irregular heartbeat.
Bupropion for depression and SAD well tolerate but can cause appears to increase sex drive. Does not cause Effects take 1-3 weeks.
(seasonal prevention) seizures - agitation, weight gain or sex dysfunction. Good Not for psychosis or seizures. Do not
stimulant and suppresses headache, dry mouth, alternative to SSRIs! Not for psychosis or take with MOAIs
appetite tachy, vision changes seizures. Do not take with MOAs (stop 2
weeks before)
Captopril (ACE) Hypertension and congested More frequently reported Interacts with: lisinopril, metformin,
HF side effects include: cough metoprolol, furosemide, aspirin,
and skin rash acetaminophen,
Carbamazepine Partial + tonic- clonic WBC (discontinue if <3000).
SI, neurologic effects Get drug plasma levels, CBC at baseline +
seizures & Bipolar (mood Adherence is important. Report s/s of
(vision, vertigo, HA, ataxia) periodically, serum Na. ETOH, opioids, CNS
stabilizer) Inhibits sodium depressants ↓ effects of OC, warfarin effects fever, sore throat. With-drawl is
SJS - rash
channels ↓w/ phenytoin, phenobarbital gradual. Fetal harm.
Bone marrow suppression
SJS, *Warfarin leukopenia grapefruit!
= leukopen, thrombocyt, Levels ↑ w/ grapefruit juice. Antipsychotic,
anemia, BLEEDING antidepressants, MAOIs, benzos, cyclosporine,
oral contraceptives (estrogen-progestin
combination)
Cefuroxime Bacterial infection and Chills, diarrhea,
Second generation of bladder infection fever, general feeling To make sure cefuroxime is safe for you, tell Cefuroxime can make birth control
cephalosporins of illness or your doctor if you have: pills less effective. Ask your doctor
discomfort, an allergy to penicillin; about using a non hormonal birth
headache, itching of control (condom, diaphragm with spe
kidney disease; rmicide) to prevent
the vagina or genital
area, pain during liver disease; pregnancy.Cefuroxime can pass into
sexual intercourse, a history of intestinal problems, breast milk and may harm a nursing
rigidity, sweating, such as colitis; baby. Tell your doctor if you are
thick, white vaginal diabetes; or breast-feeding a baby. Cefuroxime is
discharge with no if you are malnourished not approved for use by anyone
odor or with a mild younger than 3 months old.
Downloaded by Purity Kimani ()
DRUG USE Side & Adverse Effects Nursing considerations Not for who? & PATIENT TEACHING
hypo, hyper, WBCs Interactions
Acetaminophen AVOID in patients who are alcoholic or who Nurse should administer
have hepatic disease. Contraindicated for acetaminophen for a client who has
chronic kidney disease and peptic ulcer peptic ulcer disease and a headache
disease
Acyclovir Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 Nausea, diarrhea, Interferon → additive antiviral effects Helps prevent new breakouts
herpes zosters, chickenpox headache, burning when Probenecid → increase acyclovir levels due to
apply decreasing renal clearance
Zidovudine → increase risk for neurotoxicity
Albumin (blood Colloid replacement therapy, Impaired coagulation and A patient in shock receiving albumin will
protein) 7.4 shock and burn, bleeding, Known drug have a PaCO2 of 30
COLLOIDS allergy to specific drug,
and hypervolemia
Albuterol (Proventil, Bronchial asthma, bronchitis, Tachycardia, Uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac
Ventolin, Proair, hypertension/hypotension dysrhythmias, high risk of stroke
, vascular headaches,
tremor
Aluminum hydroxide Peptic ulcer, gastritis, Diarrhea, kidney stone, Renal failure and electrolyte imbalance,
(antacids) heartburn, gastric constipation, thyroid hormones, valproic acid, digoxin,
hyperacidity
Amiodarone (IV or PO) PULM, CARDIO, LIVER, ECG should be monitored (they prolong the Report: dyspnea, cough, chest pain,
for life threatening
antidysrhythmic THYROID toxicities, toxic QT/PR) and may lead to Torsades de Pointes. SOB, tachy, weight gain, anorexia,
ventricular dysrhythmias
for preg, opthal and derm No: Beta, calcium blockers, seizure drugs, n/v, itching, jaundice. Not for patients
(Vtach/Vfib)
effects. Bradycardia, statins, grapefruit juice - diuretics increase risk who are pregnant, report vision
and atrial dysrhythmias (Afib)
hypotension, constipation, of dysrhy changes, avoid sunlamps/protect skin
hyperglycemia, outside.
hypoglycemia,
Amiodipine Interacts with grapefruit
Amiloride (potassium Hyperaldosteronism, Dizziness, headache, Hyperkalemia, renal and hepatic failure.
sparing diuretic) hypertension and to reverse cramps, nausea, vomiting, Lithium toxicity,
the potassium loss diarrhea, urinary
frequency, weakness,
hyperkalemia
Amikacin joint infections, intra- Hearing loss, vertigo, MAOIs (selegiline) Eldepryl → can
(aminoglycosides) abdominal infections, muscle twitching, tremor, cause seizures and death, opioids
meningitis, pneumonia, vomiting, joint pain, → increase drowsiness.
sepsis, and urinary tract anemia, low BP, low Mg epinephrine and norepinephrine:
infections. It is also used for can increase blood pressure,
the treatment of multidrug- headaches, and chest pain
resistant tuberculosis.
Amitriptyline Original indication was Dry mouth, headache, Report to provider any abnormal laboratory
(antidepressant) depression. Now is commonly weight gain, constipation, value (BILIRUBIN)
use for insomnia, and trouble urinating, sudden
neuropathic pain BP drop when standing up electrocardiogram
Can cause tachycardia and from sitting, blurred vision,
ECG changes and discolor urine
Amoxicillin Pneumonia, dental Allergic reaction (Nausea)! Skin test can cause severe reaction. Assess for Can take with meals. Complete entire
abscesses, UTI neuro effects at high doses allergy - ask, cross reaction to cephalosp, course. Report rash and wear Medic
diarrhea, hyperK carbapenmems. Caution with kidney bracelet if allergic to penicillin.
impariemnt Watch for 30min, give Epi for ALLERGY,
reaction and resp support. Monitor hyperK have Epi and resp support, HyperK,
and cardiac status. Do not have with not with aminogly
aminoglycosides
Aspirin Anti-inflammatory Reyes’s syndrome (rare Avoid given aspirin when a child or
First Generation NSAID but serious complication) adolescent has a viral illness
occurs when use in (chickenpox or influenza)
children for fever Salicylism notify HCP and stop taking
reduction. Salicylism can aspirin if manifestation occurs
occur with aspirin →
tinnitus, sweating,
headache, dizziness and
Resp Alk
Atenolol (Beta Blocker Hypertension, helps prevent Dizziness, lihgthheaded, Smoking may worse the side effects, interacts It may take 1 to 2 weeks before
LOL) strokes, heart attacks, angina, tireness, and nausea, hand with dolasetron fingolimod. Heart problems, getting full benefit. Take with food or
improves survival after a and feet cold, breathing problems, Raynaud’s disease, without. Do not drink apple juice,
Downloaded by Purity Kimani ()
, lOMoARcPSD|11232395
heart attack peripheral disease, kidney and HF. prevents absorption
Amphotericin B life-threatening anti-fungal fever, chills, loss of Nurse should monitor the clients
infections medication used to appetite, nausea, creatinine every 3 to 4 days and
treat severe fungal infections vomiting, dizziness, increase fluid intake. Reduce if the
breathing problems, or clients creatinine is 3.5 mg/dL or
headache. Nephrotoxicity greater
Atorvastatin reduce the risk of heart Diarrhea, heartburn, gas, Laboratory values indicate treatment has
attack and stroke. decrease joint pain, memory loss, been effective if patients have values of LDL
the amount of fatty confusion 120
substances such as low-
density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol ('bad cholesterol')
and triglycerides
Baclofen (muscle treat pain and certain types Dizziness, weakness,
relaxant) of spasticity (muscle stiffness confusion
and tightness) from multiple Headache, nausea
sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, Constipation, difficulty
or other spinal cord diseases falling asleep or staying
asleep, tiredness
frequent urination
Beclomethasone (Qvar) Glucocort suppress candidacies, osteoporosis Advise patients to rinse their mouth and
Used for preventative therapy only,
inflammation Inhaled (increase vitaminD and gargle after dosing to minimize dysponia.
on regular schedule. Use with a neb,
calcium) candidas. Determine the FEV1 and severity of
MDI or DPI. Delivery can be enhanced
attacks and triggers. Not for patients who
by a SABA 5 minutes before inhaling.
have Candida albicans. Record your PEF, frequency,
nighttime awakenings, effect on
activity, SABA use.
rinse mouth, look for candidas,
increase VitD/ calcium-enhance with
SABA
Bipolar disorder
Bumetanide (loop high reduce extra fluid in the body reduce the potassium level kidney problems, liver problems, inability to
ceiling diuretic) (edema) caused by conditions in your blood. muscle make urine, gout. If you have diabetes,
such as heart failure, liver cramps, weakness, unusual bumetanide may affect you sugar. Interacts with
disease, and kidney disease tiredness, confusion, severe desmopressin, indomethacin, lithium, probeneci
dizziness, fainting, d..
drowsiness, unusual dry
mouth/thirst, nausea, vomiti
ng, fast/irregular heartbeat.
Bupropion for depression and SAD well tolerate but can cause appears to increase sex drive. Does not cause Effects take 1-3 weeks.
(seasonal prevention) seizures - agitation, weight gain or sex dysfunction. Good Not for psychosis or seizures. Do not
stimulant and suppresses headache, dry mouth, alternative to SSRIs! Not for psychosis or take with MOAIs
appetite tachy, vision changes seizures. Do not take with MOAs (stop 2
weeks before)
Captopril (ACE) Hypertension and congested More frequently reported Interacts with: lisinopril, metformin,
HF side effects include: cough metoprolol, furosemide, aspirin,
and skin rash acetaminophen,
Carbamazepine Partial + tonic- clonic WBC (discontinue if <3000).
SI, neurologic effects Get drug plasma levels, CBC at baseline +
seizures & Bipolar (mood Adherence is important. Report s/s of
(vision, vertigo, HA, ataxia) periodically, serum Na. ETOH, opioids, CNS
stabilizer) Inhibits sodium depressants ↓ effects of OC, warfarin effects fever, sore throat. With-drawl is
SJS - rash
channels ↓w/ phenytoin, phenobarbital gradual. Fetal harm.
Bone marrow suppression
SJS, *Warfarin leukopenia grapefruit!
= leukopen, thrombocyt, Levels ↑ w/ grapefruit juice. Antipsychotic,
anemia, BLEEDING antidepressants, MAOIs, benzos, cyclosporine,
oral contraceptives (estrogen-progestin
combination)
Cefuroxime Bacterial infection and Chills, diarrhea,
Second generation of bladder infection fever, general feeling To make sure cefuroxime is safe for you, tell Cefuroxime can make birth control
cephalosporins of illness or your doctor if you have: pills less effective. Ask your doctor
discomfort, an allergy to penicillin; about using a non hormonal birth
headache, itching of control (condom, diaphragm with spe
kidney disease; rmicide) to prevent
the vagina or genital
area, pain during liver disease; pregnancy.Cefuroxime can pass into
sexual intercourse, a history of intestinal problems, breast milk and may harm a nursing
rigidity, sweating, such as colitis; baby. Tell your doctor if you are
thick, white vaginal diabetes; or breast-feeding a baby. Cefuroxime is
discharge with no if you are malnourished not approved for use by anyone
odor or with a mild younger than 3 months old.
Downloaded by Purity Kimani ()
