Pharmacology (HSC 343) Final Exam
Questions with Verified Answers
what is HHNKS? - ANSWER-hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
nonketonic syndrome
what does thyroid do? - ANSWER-- it synthesizes and releases 2 hormones (T3 and
T4)
what do T3 and T4 do? - ANSWER-regulate many facets of cellular metabolism
why is thyroid hormone (TH) important? - ANSWER-- they are the main controller of
how we burn calories and are also permissive w/ respect to catecholamines
S/S of hypothyroidism - ANSWER-- fatigue, weakness, cold-intolerance, weight gain,
anemia, cretinism
S/S of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-- nervousness, weakness, heat-intolerance,
sweating, weight loss, exophthalmos (Graves disease)
synthroid - ANSWER-- PO or IV
- mimics TH
- most commonly prescribed drug in the US
- DOC for HYPOthyroidism --> life long therapy
PTU (propylthiouracil) - ANSWER-- antithyroid
- blocks iodine incorporated into THs and also blocks conversion of T3/4 in periphery
- long term use in absence or surgery of l131
- safe in first trimester of pregnancy --> the switch to methimazole
methimazole - ANSWER-- antithyroid
l131 - ANSWER-- destroys thyroid w/ a single (or double) dose
- can NOT be used in pts who are pregnant
- fast and cheap but produces hypothyroidism
propranolol - ANSWER-- blocks the CV effects of TH --> decreases the sympathetic
activation caused by TH
- good during a thyroid storm and pregnancy
use of glucosteroids - ANSWER-anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, and
replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency
how to dose steroid drugs - ANSWER-- PO steroids given in the AM to mimic body's
normal release or by taper pack
, hydrocortisone - ANSWER--
- used for status asthmaticus, anaphylactic shock (IV);
- PO for Addison's disease
- Topical form for itching/inflammation
Solu-medrol - ANSWER-- DOC (IV) for acute asthma
- allergy inflammation
prednisone - ANSWER-- given PO
- DOC for maintenance therapy in asthma, and other autoimmune disorders
SEs of glucosteroids - ANSWER-- osteoporosis
- ulcers
- metabolic fat (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, fat redistribution)
- growth retardation --> children
- adrenal suppression
- decreased wound healing
- immunosuppression (do not give immunizations)
- HTN, glaucoma, increased CNS excitability, menstrual irregularities
COX-1 inhibitors - ANSWER-mediate pain, inflammation, clot formation,
vasoconstriction/dilation, platelet aggregation, fever, integrity of gastric mucosal
barrier, renal homeostasis, labor and patency of the ductus arteriosus
COX-2 Inhibitors - ANSWER-- more selective for inflammation
- ex.: Celecoxib
- main use is arthritis, bu it may affect renal function and has a greater risk of MI and
stroke
- fewer GI bleeds and no effect on clotting time
which antacids cause constipation? - ANSWER-aluminum salts and Ca carbonate
which antacids cause diarrhea? - ANSWER-Mg salts
opiate - ANSWER-- drug for diarrhea
- DO NOT USE W/ MAOIs
- i.e. Imodium
Alosetron - ANSWER-- for IBS-D and is currently for emergency/restricted use for IB-
C
Metamucil - ANSWER-- fiber-based
- for constipation
- used for flatulence and impaction
- takes 1-3 days
Docusate - ANSWER-- osmotic
- surface acting to increase H2O into stool
GoLytely - ANSWER-- lower GI prep
Questions with Verified Answers
what is HHNKS? - ANSWER-hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
nonketonic syndrome
what does thyroid do? - ANSWER-- it synthesizes and releases 2 hormones (T3 and
T4)
what do T3 and T4 do? - ANSWER-regulate many facets of cellular metabolism
why is thyroid hormone (TH) important? - ANSWER-- they are the main controller of
how we burn calories and are also permissive w/ respect to catecholamines
S/S of hypothyroidism - ANSWER-- fatigue, weakness, cold-intolerance, weight gain,
anemia, cretinism
S/S of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-- nervousness, weakness, heat-intolerance,
sweating, weight loss, exophthalmos (Graves disease)
synthroid - ANSWER-- PO or IV
- mimics TH
- most commonly prescribed drug in the US
- DOC for HYPOthyroidism --> life long therapy
PTU (propylthiouracil) - ANSWER-- antithyroid
- blocks iodine incorporated into THs and also blocks conversion of T3/4 in periphery
- long term use in absence or surgery of l131
- safe in first trimester of pregnancy --> the switch to methimazole
methimazole - ANSWER-- antithyroid
l131 - ANSWER-- destroys thyroid w/ a single (or double) dose
- can NOT be used in pts who are pregnant
- fast and cheap but produces hypothyroidism
propranolol - ANSWER-- blocks the CV effects of TH --> decreases the sympathetic
activation caused by TH
- good during a thyroid storm and pregnancy
use of glucosteroids - ANSWER-anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, and
replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency
how to dose steroid drugs - ANSWER-- PO steroids given in the AM to mimic body's
normal release or by taper pack
, hydrocortisone - ANSWER--
- used for status asthmaticus, anaphylactic shock (IV);
- PO for Addison's disease
- Topical form for itching/inflammation
Solu-medrol - ANSWER-- DOC (IV) for acute asthma
- allergy inflammation
prednisone - ANSWER-- given PO
- DOC for maintenance therapy in asthma, and other autoimmune disorders
SEs of glucosteroids - ANSWER-- osteoporosis
- ulcers
- metabolic fat (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, fat redistribution)
- growth retardation --> children
- adrenal suppression
- decreased wound healing
- immunosuppression (do not give immunizations)
- HTN, glaucoma, increased CNS excitability, menstrual irregularities
COX-1 inhibitors - ANSWER-mediate pain, inflammation, clot formation,
vasoconstriction/dilation, platelet aggregation, fever, integrity of gastric mucosal
barrier, renal homeostasis, labor and patency of the ductus arteriosus
COX-2 Inhibitors - ANSWER-- more selective for inflammation
- ex.: Celecoxib
- main use is arthritis, bu it may affect renal function and has a greater risk of MI and
stroke
- fewer GI bleeds and no effect on clotting time
which antacids cause constipation? - ANSWER-aluminum salts and Ca carbonate
which antacids cause diarrhea? - ANSWER-Mg salts
opiate - ANSWER-- drug for diarrhea
- DO NOT USE W/ MAOIs
- i.e. Imodium
Alosetron - ANSWER-- for IBS-D and is currently for emergency/restricted use for IB-
C
Metamucil - ANSWER-- fiber-based
- for constipation
- used for flatulence and impaction
- takes 1-3 days
Docusate - ANSWER-- osmotic
- surface acting to increase H2O into stool
GoLytely - ANSWER-- lower GI prep
