NSCI 225 Exam 2
retinotopic mapping - ANS-Spatial organization of the LGN and primary visual cortex in which
adjacent cells in the brain process adjacent locations on the retina.
cortical magnification - ANS-the amount of cortical area devoted to a specific region in the visual
field
Hypercolumn Function - ANS-Each hypercolumn analyzes information from one small region of
retina; One hypercolumn contains all measurements for one local area
Hypercolumn Structure - ANS-Made up of ocular dominance slabs for each eye and those made
up of orientation columns; Contains cells that measure all characteristics of the image falling on
a small region of the retina
location column - ANS-column in the visual cortex that contains neurons with overlapping
receptive fields on the retina
orientation column - ANS-A column in the visual cortex that contains neurons with the same
orientation preference.
ocular dominance column - ANS-functional column in the visual cortex maximally responsive to
information coming from one eye
gratings - ANS-a series of light and dark bars; a tool for finding feature detectors in the human
visual system
selective adaptation - ANS-neurons adapt after extended exposure to a stimulus; firing rate
decreases and neuron fires less when stimulus is repeated
when does grating adaptation occur? - ANS-only when the lines are the same orientation
interocular transfer - ANS-The transfer of an effect (such as adaptation) from one eye to the
other
Where are binocular neurons first encountered? - ANS-the cortex
what happens if we never have exposure to a certain orientation? - ANS-can't perceive it
where does more complex visual processing take place? - ANS-extrastriate cortex
what is the extrastriate cortex made up of? - ANS-many small areas such as V2, V3, etc.
, IT Cortex Neurons - ANS-neurons get even more specific about what they fire to
Modularity - ANS-the notion that certain cognitive processes (or regions of the brain) are
restricted in the type of information they process
fusiform face area - ANS-a region in the temporal lobe of the brain that helps us recognize the
people we know
what pathway - ANS-Neural pathway, extending ventrally from the occipital lobe to the temporal
lobe, that is associated with perceiving or recognizing objects. Corresponds to the perception
pathway.
where pathway - ANS-Neural pathway, extending dorsally from the occipital lobe to the parietal
lobe, that is associated with neural processing that occurs when people locate objects in space.
Roughly corresponds to the action pathway.
double dissociation - ANS-The phenomenon in which one of two functions, such as hearing and
sight, can be damaged without harm to the other, and vice versa.
patient d.f. - ANS-damage to ventral/"what" pathway
dr. p - ANS-musician, lost ability to identify faces, common objects. Can only identify them if
there was a striking detail to identify them.
patient r.v. - ANS-damage to where pathway
inverse projection problem - ANS-an image on the retina can be caused by an infinite number of
objects
3 stages of object perception - ANS-early vision, mid-level vision, high-level vision
early vision - ANS-detecting and combining features; grouping
mid-level vision - ANS-constucting surfaces and then objects in 3D space: segmentation
high-level vision - ANS-identifying the objects
structualism - ANS-sensations combine to form perceptions
modal completion - ANS-Surface completing in front of another even though no edge is "seen"
Gestalt Psychology - ANS-the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
retinotopic mapping - ANS-Spatial organization of the LGN and primary visual cortex in which
adjacent cells in the brain process adjacent locations on the retina.
cortical magnification - ANS-the amount of cortical area devoted to a specific region in the visual
field
Hypercolumn Function - ANS-Each hypercolumn analyzes information from one small region of
retina; One hypercolumn contains all measurements for one local area
Hypercolumn Structure - ANS-Made up of ocular dominance slabs for each eye and those made
up of orientation columns; Contains cells that measure all characteristics of the image falling on
a small region of the retina
location column - ANS-column in the visual cortex that contains neurons with overlapping
receptive fields on the retina
orientation column - ANS-A column in the visual cortex that contains neurons with the same
orientation preference.
ocular dominance column - ANS-functional column in the visual cortex maximally responsive to
information coming from one eye
gratings - ANS-a series of light and dark bars; a tool for finding feature detectors in the human
visual system
selective adaptation - ANS-neurons adapt after extended exposure to a stimulus; firing rate
decreases and neuron fires less when stimulus is repeated
when does grating adaptation occur? - ANS-only when the lines are the same orientation
interocular transfer - ANS-The transfer of an effect (such as adaptation) from one eye to the
other
Where are binocular neurons first encountered? - ANS-the cortex
what happens if we never have exposure to a certain orientation? - ANS-can't perceive it
where does more complex visual processing take place? - ANS-extrastriate cortex
what is the extrastriate cortex made up of? - ANS-many small areas such as V2, V3, etc.
, IT Cortex Neurons - ANS-neurons get even more specific about what they fire to
Modularity - ANS-the notion that certain cognitive processes (or regions of the brain) are
restricted in the type of information they process
fusiform face area - ANS-a region in the temporal lobe of the brain that helps us recognize the
people we know
what pathway - ANS-Neural pathway, extending ventrally from the occipital lobe to the temporal
lobe, that is associated with perceiving or recognizing objects. Corresponds to the perception
pathway.
where pathway - ANS-Neural pathway, extending dorsally from the occipital lobe to the parietal
lobe, that is associated with neural processing that occurs when people locate objects in space.
Roughly corresponds to the action pathway.
double dissociation - ANS-The phenomenon in which one of two functions, such as hearing and
sight, can be damaged without harm to the other, and vice versa.
patient d.f. - ANS-damage to ventral/"what" pathway
dr. p - ANS-musician, lost ability to identify faces, common objects. Can only identify them if
there was a striking detail to identify them.
patient r.v. - ANS-damage to where pathway
inverse projection problem - ANS-an image on the retina can be caused by an infinite number of
objects
3 stages of object perception - ANS-early vision, mid-level vision, high-level vision
early vision - ANS-detecting and combining features; grouping
mid-level vision - ANS-constucting surfaces and then objects in 3D space: segmentation
high-level vision - ANS-identifying the objects
structualism - ANS-sensations combine to form perceptions
modal completion - ANS-Surface completing in front of another even though no edge is "seen"
Gestalt Psychology - ANS-the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
