Bio 168 Exam 2 Chapter 4 &5
Questions with Verified Answers
What types of fibers are found in connective tissue? - ANSWER-include collagen,
elastic, and reticular.
How is connective tissue classified? - ANSWER-as either connective tissue proper
or specialized connective tissue.
Connective tissue proper includes: - ANSWER-loose connective tissue (also called
areolar) and dense (irregular) connective tissue
Specialized connective tissue types include - ANSWER-dense regular connective
tissue, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, blood, and hematopoietic tissue
loose connective tissue - ANSWER-(Trachea) is located under the thick eosinophilic
basement membrane of the respiratory epithelium in the trachea. A major
component are amorphous ground substance which does not stain with routine H &
E. The most numerous cell types are fibroblasts . In addition, other fibers such as
collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are present. Also, look for this type of
connective tissue surrounding blood vessels and underlying the epithelium of the
digestive tract.
dense regular connective tissue - ANSWER-has collagen fibers arranged in a
definite pattern according to the direction of stress. The tendon clearly shows this
arrangement.
Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly? - ANSWER-Cartilage is avascular, so
materials needed for repair must diffuse from surrounding tissue.
nervous tissue - ANSWER-A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and
forth between the brain and every other part of the body.
What are the two basic cell types that make up nerve tissue? - ANSWER-Neurons
(nerve cells) and Neuroglia (glia)
What is the main characteristic of muscle tissue? - ANSWER-These are:
1. Contractility, which is the ability to shorten forcefully
2. Excitability, which is the capacity of muscle to repsond to stimulus.
3. Extensibility, which is the ability to stretch muscle tissue beyond normal resting
length and still be able to contract.
4. Elasticity, which is the ability of muslce to recoil to ist original resting length post
stretching. This is why patients develop rigor mortis, after they die, because the
muscle naturally want to recoil back to their original lengths.
, What are the three types of muscle tissue? - ANSWER-skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Cardiac muscle cells - ANSWER-are maintained by an extensive capillary network.
are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary
control
smooth muscle - ANSWER-Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of
the body. are located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear
spindle-shaped, and are also under involuntary control
Skeletal muscle - ANSWER-A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton
and provides the force that moves the bones. they are striated in appearance and
are under voluntary control.
What are membranes? - ANSWER-flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover or line a
part of the body
cutaneous membrane function - ANSWER-covers body surface, protection
mucous membrane function - ANSWER-Secretion of mucous to protect epithelium
by lubricating it and trapping harmful agents
serous membranes function - ANSWER-Lines walls and organs of the abdominal
cavity.
Very smooth & secrete a serous fluid that is a lubricating film between the layers of
membranes. Reduces friction as organs move within the abdomen, if no fluid then
we would have holes in our organs from them rubbing each other raw
How does tissue repair itself? - ANSWER-allow phagocytic cells to remove dead or
injured cells so the gaps can be filled in with new tissue
why SHOULD you care about tissues and histology? - ANSWER-tissues are the
building blocks of virtually everything in the body, understanding histology enables
students to predict and understand organ behavior and function. Many diseases
occur at the tissue level. For example, cancer is often the result of problematic tissue
overgrowth, and some infections cause tissue to necrotize. For future medical
professionals, histology provides important insight into the development of disease.
But even if you're just taking an introductory biology class, histology can help you
understand why some treatments work more effectively than others and why certain
lifestyle choices can harm your body over time.
There are two principal layers of skin. What type(s) of tissue make up these layers? -
ANSWER-epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is composed of keratinized,
stratified squamous epithelium. It is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells,
depending on its location in the body.
List three characteristics of a tissue? - ANSWER-1. Group of similar cells AND their
extracellular matrices
2. Share a common embryological origin
Questions with Verified Answers
What types of fibers are found in connective tissue? - ANSWER-include collagen,
elastic, and reticular.
How is connective tissue classified? - ANSWER-as either connective tissue proper
or specialized connective tissue.
Connective tissue proper includes: - ANSWER-loose connective tissue (also called
areolar) and dense (irregular) connective tissue
Specialized connective tissue types include - ANSWER-dense regular connective
tissue, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, blood, and hematopoietic tissue
loose connective tissue - ANSWER-(Trachea) is located under the thick eosinophilic
basement membrane of the respiratory epithelium in the trachea. A major
component are amorphous ground substance which does not stain with routine H &
E. The most numerous cell types are fibroblasts . In addition, other fibers such as
collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are present. Also, look for this type of
connective tissue surrounding blood vessels and underlying the epithelium of the
digestive tract.
dense regular connective tissue - ANSWER-has collagen fibers arranged in a
definite pattern according to the direction of stress. The tendon clearly shows this
arrangement.
Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly? - ANSWER-Cartilage is avascular, so
materials needed for repair must diffuse from surrounding tissue.
nervous tissue - ANSWER-A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and
forth between the brain and every other part of the body.
What are the two basic cell types that make up nerve tissue? - ANSWER-Neurons
(nerve cells) and Neuroglia (glia)
What is the main characteristic of muscle tissue? - ANSWER-These are:
1. Contractility, which is the ability to shorten forcefully
2. Excitability, which is the capacity of muscle to repsond to stimulus.
3. Extensibility, which is the ability to stretch muscle tissue beyond normal resting
length and still be able to contract.
4. Elasticity, which is the ability of muslce to recoil to ist original resting length post
stretching. This is why patients develop rigor mortis, after they die, because the
muscle naturally want to recoil back to their original lengths.
, What are the three types of muscle tissue? - ANSWER-skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Cardiac muscle cells - ANSWER-are maintained by an extensive capillary network.
are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary
control
smooth muscle - ANSWER-Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of
the body. are located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear
spindle-shaped, and are also under involuntary control
Skeletal muscle - ANSWER-A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton
and provides the force that moves the bones. they are striated in appearance and
are under voluntary control.
What are membranes? - ANSWER-flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover or line a
part of the body
cutaneous membrane function - ANSWER-covers body surface, protection
mucous membrane function - ANSWER-Secretion of mucous to protect epithelium
by lubricating it and trapping harmful agents
serous membranes function - ANSWER-Lines walls and organs of the abdominal
cavity.
Very smooth & secrete a serous fluid that is a lubricating film between the layers of
membranes. Reduces friction as organs move within the abdomen, if no fluid then
we would have holes in our organs from them rubbing each other raw
How does tissue repair itself? - ANSWER-allow phagocytic cells to remove dead or
injured cells so the gaps can be filled in with new tissue
why SHOULD you care about tissues and histology? - ANSWER-tissues are the
building blocks of virtually everything in the body, understanding histology enables
students to predict and understand organ behavior and function. Many diseases
occur at the tissue level. For example, cancer is often the result of problematic tissue
overgrowth, and some infections cause tissue to necrotize. For future medical
professionals, histology provides important insight into the development of disease.
But even if you're just taking an introductory biology class, histology can help you
understand why some treatments work more effectively than others and why certain
lifestyle choices can harm your body over time.
There are two principal layers of skin. What type(s) of tissue make up these layers? -
ANSWER-epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is composed of keratinized,
stratified squamous epithelium. It is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells,
depending on its location in the body.
List three characteristics of a tissue? - ANSWER-1. Group of similar cells AND their
extracellular matrices
2. Share a common embryological origin
