MIS 180 Final exam MEADER 2025 fall
SDSU
Data - ANSWER raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object
Examples: Order date; amount sold; customer number; quantity ordered
Information - ANSWER Data converted into a meaningful and useful context
Examples: Best selling product; best customer; worst-selling product; worst customer
Business Intelligence - ANSWER Information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers,
customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and
relationships for strategic decision making
Examples: Lowest sales per week compared with the economic interest rates; Best selling
product by month compared to sports season and city team wins and losses
Knowledge - ANSWER Skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and
intelligence that creates a person's intellectual resources
Examples: Choosing not to fire a sales representative who is underperforming knowing that
person is experiencing family problems; Listing products that are about to expire first on the
menu or creating them as a daily special to move the product
Fact - ANSWER A fact is a type of date.
Its qualities include:a thing that is indisputably the case
a piece of information used as evidence or as part of a report or news article.
a statement that is consistent with objective reality or can be proven with evidence
,the usual test for a statement of fact is verifiability
True/Useful Fact - ANSWER A fact that is true
EX the sky is blue
False/Misleading Fact - ANSWER False/Useless Example: The sky is above Misleading
Example: The sky is green (when a storm is brewing)
Triangulation - ANSWER taking a "read" from different sources
Corroboration - ANSWER checking one source's story against another source's story
Information Literacy - ANSWER Know when you need more data, information and knowledge;
Be able to locate, evaluate and effectively use that data, information, and knowledge
System - ANSWER a set of connected processes and characteristics forming a complex whole,
or a set of principles or procedures according to which something is done.Doesn't always
produce one particular end
Ex: produce pizza and employment and rent for landlord and market for food suppliers and......
Not always possible to measure the outcome of a system
Ex: can't easily measure how well the food suppliers needs outweigh the employees needs
Process - ANSWER a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end
You can measure the performance of a process
,Ex: how much time to produce a pizza?
Ex: how many people does it take to produce a pizza?
Ex: when can we expect that pizza???
8 parts of a process or system - ANSWER 1 Purpose, Function, Goals
2 Inputs
3 Processes (that transform inputs)
4 Outputs
5 Control (evaluate the process)
6 Feedback
7 Adjustment
8 How Does the Control Use Feedback?
supersystem
supersystem - ANSWER a larger system that contains other systems
system - ANSWER a set of interacting components working together to form a complex,
integrated whole in order to achieve some goal by taking inputs and processing them to
produce outputs.
subsystem
Interdependence - ANSWER parts that depend on each other
Synergy - ANSWER Cooperative effort of complementary parts is greater than sum of those
individual parts
Entropy/Obsolescence - ANSWER All systems fall apart over time if they don't adapt
, Suboptimization - ANSWER designed - intentionally - to work less than optimally, but to
perfectly serve a higher order system
Functional Parts of Enterprise - ANSWER Sales: performs the function of selling goods or
services
Accounting: records, measures, and reports monetary transactions
Finance: tracks strategic financial issues including money, banking, credit, investments, and
assets
Human Resources: Maintains policies, plans, and procedures for the effective management of
employees
Marketing: supports sales by planning, pricing, and promoting goods or services
Operations Management: manages the process of converting or transforming or resources into
goods or services
Stakeholders in an Enterprise - ANSWER Are Stakeholders:
Partners/Suppliers
Government
Customers
Employees
Community Shareholders/Investors
SDSU
Data - ANSWER raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object
Examples: Order date; amount sold; customer number; quantity ordered
Information - ANSWER Data converted into a meaningful and useful context
Examples: Best selling product; best customer; worst-selling product; worst customer
Business Intelligence - ANSWER Information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers,
customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and
relationships for strategic decision making
Examples: Lowest sales per week compared with the economic interest rates; Best selling
product by month compared to sports season and city team wins and losses
Knowledge - ANSWER Skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and
intelligence that creates a person's intellectual resources
Examples: Choosing not to fire a sales representative who is underperforming knowing that
person is experiencing family problems; Listing products that are about to expire first on the
menu or creating them as a daily special to move the product
Fact - ANSWER A fact is a type of date.
Its qualities include:a thing that is indisputably the case
a piece of information used as evidence or as part of a report or news article.
a statement that is consistent with objective reality or can be proven with evidence
,the usual test for a statement of fact is verifiability
True/Useful Fact - ANSWER A fact that is true
EX the sky is blue
False/Misleading Fact - ANSWER False/Useless Example: The sky is above Misleading
Example: The sky is green (when a storm is brewing)
Triangulation - ANSWER taking a "read" from different sources
Corroboration - ANSWER checking one source's story against another source's story
Information Literacy - ANSWER Know when you need more data, information and knowledge;
Be able to locate, evaluate and effectively use that data, information, and knowledge
System - ANSWER a set of connected processes and characteristics forming a complex whole,
or a set of principles or procedures according to which something is done.Doesn't always
produce one particular end
Ex: produce pizza and employment and rent for landlord and market for food suppliers and......
Not always possible to measure the outcome of a system
Ex: can't easily measure how well the food suppliers needs outweigh the employees needs
Process - ANSWER a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end
You can measure the performance of a process
,Ex: how much time to produce a pizza?
Ex: how many people does it take to produce a pizza?
Ex: when can we expect that pizza???
8 parts of a process or system - ANSWER 1 Purpose, Function, Goals
2 Inputs
3 Processes (that transform inputs)
4 Outputs
5 Control (evaluate the process)
6 Feedback
7 Adjustment
8 How Does the Control Use Feedback?
supersystem
supersystem - ANSWER a larger system that contains other systems
system - ANSWER a set of interacting components working together to form a complex,
integrated whole in order to achieve some goal by taking inputs and processing them to
produce outputs.
subsystem
Interdependence - ANSWER parts that depend on each other
Synergy - ANSWER Cooperative effort of complementary parts is greater than sum of those
individual parts
Entropy/Obsolescence - ANSWER All systems fall apart over time if they don't adapt
, Suboptimization - ANSWER designed - intentionally - to work less than optimally, but to
perfectly serve a higher order system
Functional Parts of Enterprise - ANSWER Sales: performs the function of selling goods or
services
Accounting: records, measures, and reports monetary transactions
Finance: tracks strategic financial issues including money, banking, credit, investments, and
assets
Human Resources: Maintains policies, plans, and procedures for the effective management of
employees
Marketing: supports sales by planning, pricing, and promoting goods or services
Operations Management: manages the process of converting or transforming or resources into
goods or services
Stakeholders in an Enterprise - ANSWER Are Stakeholders:
Partners/Suppliers
Government
Customers
Employees
Community Shareholders/Investors
