HMD 305 Exam (Ch 1 - 7) | Questions and Answers

HMD 305 Exam (Ch 1 - 7) | Questions and Answers According to ______, all organizations are unique, and subject to internal and external environmental influences that can affect their efficiency. open systems theory closed system theory network theory chaos theory What are the three aspects of human capital that enhance competitive advantage? rareness, inimitability, and importance value, rareness, and inimitability value, rareness, and importance morals, vision, and inimitability What is one way to enhance critical thinking in organizational behavior as stated in the textbook? using the scientific method inductive reasoning deductive reasoning selective reasoning When Mary motivates her team with a new reward system, she is engaging in the management function of organizing. True False Positive organizational behavior's main focus is on ______. fixing one's weaknesses nurturing one's strengths happiness as opposed to profits changing organizational culture Managers who practice positive organizational behavior believe ______ is the most important resource. human capital equipment raw materials cash liquidity Scholarship on positive organizational behavior focuses on a number of key elements. Which of the following is not one of these elements? virtues strengths strategy vitality Ian has been transferred to an office in Spain. He is going to need to learn about this new culture and new business customs. This is an example of what challenge/opportunity that faces organizations today? innovation and change sustainability globalization people skills Which challenge/opportunity looks at environmental factors during decision-making and goal setting? sustainability economic factors workforce diversity globalization People with effective ______ skills take the feelings of others into account and are adept at dealing with conflict? leading conceptual technical human What is the process of ensuring that everyone is given the same amount of opportunities and resources regardless of individual needs? ERG diversity equality equity Creating a culture of _____ can help organizations can prevent microaggression at work. permission psychological safety competition conflict _____ are identities that are not always immediately obvious and may be kept hidden in the workplace for fear of mistreatment, such as an employee who is pregnant and opts to not disclose their pregnancy. Intersectionalities Microaggressions ERGs Concealable stigmatized identities Differences in attitudes, values, beliefs, and personality are all examples of ______. surface-level diversity bottom-level diversity deep-level diversity top-level diversity What is a powerful tool for promoting inclusion that companies can promote through social forums and meetups, listening sessions, and round-robin questions in meetings? Intersectionality Conflict Storytelling Affirmative action It is not recommended to collecting DEI-related data such as workplace demographics, as it will not help an organization to promote a healthy DEI culture. True False Holding a belief that one group of people is more intelligent than another group of people based on physical characteristics is an example of _____. Stereotyping discrimination Equity Equality The glass ceiling and the glass cliff are different names for the same phenomenon. True False Jean from Zippy Cleaning Service was having trouble finding someone to fill one of the more menial positions in her company. Her brother-in-law put her contact with Lila who was in a car crash and could not find work after her brain injury. After testing Lila to see if she could perform the task of vacuuming successfully, she hired her. What part of diversity does this represent? race and ethnicity ability age gender Efforts to hire formerly incarcerated people may be part of a company's approach to inclusion. True False Which item below is not a personality characteristic included in the Big Five model? neuroticism meticulousness extroversion openness to experience Which of the following behaviors is most likely to be associated with high core self-evaluation? negative self-concept high job satisfaction high neuroticism low job performance The way one processes information relates to which pair of psychological preferences of the MBTI? extroversion and introversion sensing and intuiting judging and perceiving thinking and feeling Of the four MBTI pairs of preferences, which one relates to the approach one takes to making decisions? sensing and intuiting thinking and feeling judging and perceiving extroversion and introversion Planning and adaptability relates to which pair of psychological preferences of the MBTI? extroversion and introversion judging and perceiving thinking and feeling sensing and intuiting When personality traits are inherited, then one would say that nurture played a part. True False People who are ______ are generally passive and take very little action to change the circumstances surrounding them. high in proactive personality high self-monitors low self-monitors low in proactive personality Researchers believe that we receive ______ of our personality from environmental and situational factors such as culture, religion, and family life. less than half 0.95 0.2 0.6 What dimension of personality is the tendency to engage in behaviors that might have positive or negative outcomes? risk-taking propensity locus of control Type A and Type B orientation proactive personality Of the four MBTI pairs of preferences, which one relates to the way one interacts with others? extroversion and Introversion sensing and intuiting thinking and feeling judging and perceiving Alex was told that her athletes were lazy and negative, causing her to be less than excited about serving as their coach. By the end of the season, she agreed that it was the worst team she had ever coached. She also recognized that her behavior may have further contributed to their negative attitudes. This is an example of which of the following perceptual errors? recency effect impression management primacy effect self-fulfilling prophecy Which factor below does not influence our internal and external attributions? consensus consistency distinctiveness dispute Which item below shows how cognitive processes mediate the effects of reinforcers on behavior, and how behavior influences both reinforcers and cognitive processes? triadic reciprocal model of behavior reciprocal behavior classical conditioning model reinforcers Russ has been on time for work all year, consistently going above and beyond his duties. However, in the month before his performance appraisal, he had the flu and his whole family became sick, causing him to frequently be absent and exhibit lower-than-normal performance. As a result, his annual performance appraisal was somewhat negative. It is likely that Russ's boss committed which of the following perceptual errors? recency effect impression management primacy effect self-fulfilling prophecy Not recognizing someone you know well, like your doctor, when at the grocery store is an example of what factor that influences perception? focal object the environment the comprehender the perceiver