CSMLS Chemistry and Hematology Questions Well Solved 2025

Which of the following ionization techniques is preferred for trace elements? a. matrix assisted laser desorption b. inductively coupled plasma c. electrospray d. chemical - Correct Answer-b. inductively coupled plasma (mass spec) *trace element & heavy metal analysis Which of the following factors may cause an albumin result to fail a delta check flag when using the bromocresol green method? a. patient was recumbent during venipuncture b. specimen was collected in Li heparin c. specimen was icteric d. patient was not fasting - Correct Answer-a. patient recumbent during venipuncture (same as having tourniquet on too long 1 min cause hemoconcentration) Which of the following requirements must be induced in the setup of a lab info system? a. specimen assigned a unique barcode label b. instrumentation interfaced with the lis c. lis interfaced to electronic medical record d. identification code and password to each user - Correct Answer-d. identification code and password to each user (security & privacy always primary requirement) Which of the following components is responsible for autoverification? a. server b. output device c. analyzer d. middleware - Correct Answer-d. middleware Which of the following factors is most likely to cause a falsely increased creatinine clearance result in a 24 hr urine specimen? a. including first morning voided urine in sample collection b. using mid-stream voided urine fo the sample collection c. failing to include the last voided urine at the end of the sample collection d. failing to include some of the urine during sample collection - Correct Answer-a. What is the effect on sodium quality control results if the calibration standards are over-diluted? a. decreased imprecision b. positive shift c. negative shift d. increased imprecision - Correct Answer-b (over diluting cal = read lower = less steep curve) What is the molal freezing point of a sample with an osmolality of 403 mOsm/Kg? a. -0.075C b. -0.75C c. 0.075C d. 0.75C - Correct Answer-b. -0.75C 403 X (-1.86C/1Osm) X (1Osm/1000mOsm) = -0.75 Which of the following conditions correlates with a plasma phosphorus of 0.35 mmol/L? a. rhabdomyolysis b. acromegaly c. hypoparathyroidism d. DKA - Correct Answer-d. DKA Which of the following ionization methods may be used for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry? a. inductively coupled plasma b. electrospray c. electron d. MALDI - Correct Answer-b. electrospray Given a serum chloride of 30 mmol/L what is the expected chloride level in the CSF? a. 30 mmol/L b. 20 mmol/L c. 50 mmol/L d. 10 mmol/L - Correct Answer-c. 50 mmol/L **CSF chloride is 20 mmol/L higher than serum chloride levels (Sodium is the same in serum and CSF) Factors that contribute to a PCO2 electrode requiring 60-120 sec. to reach equilibrium include: a. diffusion characteristics of the membrane b. actual blood PO2 c. type of calibrating standard d. potential of the polarizing mercury cell - Correct Answer-a An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in what metabolic state? a. respiratory acidosis b. respiratory alkalosis c. metabolic acidosis d. metabolic alkalosis - Correct Answer-a At blood pH of 7.40 what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid? a. 15:1 b. 20:1 c. 25:1 d. 30:1 - Correct Answer-b The reference rang for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37C is: a. 7.28-7.34 b. 7.33-7.37 c. 7.35-7.45 d. 7.45-7.50 - Correct Answer-c A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is? a. vomiting b. starvation c. asthma d. hyperventilation - Correct Answer-d Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in pH and CO2 content changes due to changes in: a. Bohr effect b. O2 content c. bicarbonate buffer d. carbonic anhydrase - Correct Answer-c A blood gas sample was sent to the lab on ice and a bubble was present in the syringe. The blood had been exposed to room air for at least 30 minutes. The following changes in blood gases will occur: a. CO2 increased, PCO2 decreased b. Co2 content & PO2 increased; pH increased c. CO2 content and PCo2 decreased; pH decreased d. PO2 increased, HCO3 decreased - Correct Answer-d Select the test which evaluates renal tubular function: a. IVP b. creatinine clearance c. osmolarity d. microscopic urinalysis - Correct Answer-c The degree to which the kidney concentrates the glomerular filtrate can be determined by: a. urine creatinine b. serum creatinine c. creatinine clearance d. urine to serum osmolality ratio - Correct Answer-d Osmolal gap is the difference between: a. ideal and real osmolality values b. calculated and measured osmolality values c. plasma and water osmolality values d. molality and molarity at 4C - Correct Answer-b The most important buffer pair in the plasma is the: a. PO4/biPO4 pair b. Hb/imdazole pair c. bicarbonate/carbonic acid pair d. sulfate/bisulfate pair - Correct Answer-c Most of the CO2 present in the blood is in the form of: a. dissolved CO2 b. carbonate c. bicarbonate ion d. carbonic acid - Correct Answer-c Serum "anion gap" is increased in patients with: a. renal tubular acidosis b. diabetic alkalosis c. metabolic acidosis due to diarrhea d. lactic acidosis - Correct Answer-d Which of the following electrolytes is the chief plasma cation whose main function is maintaining osmotic pressure? a. Cl b. Ca c. K d. Na - Correct Answer-d The solute that contributes the most to the total serum osmolality is: a. glucose b. sodium c. chloride d. urea - Correct Answer-b Which of the following is true about direct ion selective electrodes for electrolytes? a. whole blood specimens are acceptable b. elevated lipids cause falsely decreased results c. elevated proteins cause falsely decreased results d. elevated platelets cause falsely increased results - Correct Answer-a A physician request that electrolytes on a MM patient be run by direct ISE and not indirect is because: a. excess protein binds Na in indirect ISE b. Na is falsely increased by indirect ISE c. Na is falsely decreased by indirect ISA d. excess protein reacts with diluent in indirect ISE - Correct Answer-c A patient has the following test results increased serum Ca decreased serum PO4 increased PTH The patient most likely has: a. hyperparathyroidism b. hypoparathyroidism c. nephrosis d. steatorrhea - Correct Answer-a A reciprocal relationship exists between: a. Na/K b. Ca/PO4 c. Cl/CO2 d. Ca/Mg - Correct Answer-b The primary function of serum albumin in the peripheral blood is to: a. maintain colloidal osmotic pressure b. increase Ab production c. increase fibrinogen formation d. maintain blood viscosity - Correct Answer-a When performing a manual protein analysis on a xanthochromic spinal fluid the technician should: a. perform test as usual b. make a patient blank c. centrifuge the specimen d. dilute the specimen with deionized water - Correct Answer-b The direction in which albumin migrates during electrophoretic seperation of serum proteins at a ph of 6.8 is determined by: a. ionization of the amine groups yielding a net + charge b. ionization of the carboxyl groups yielding a net - charge c. albumin acting as the zwitteron