BIOL133 TEST QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT
Organelles (NEGLPMCC)
- nucleus
- endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
- peroxisomes
- mitochondria
- cell membrane
- cytoskeleton
** modifications to these structures can cause disease
Endoplasmic reticulum
- rough: site of protein synthesis for export out of cell (rough = kicking out of cell), studded
w/ ribosomes
- smooth: detoxify toxins
Golgi apparatus
proteins modified and labeled for transport outside cell, site where secretions stored
Lysosomes
contain digestive enzymes, breakdown cellular material
Peroxisomes
produce bile for fat digestion, detoxifies various molecules
Mitochondria
have 2 membranes because evolved from bacteria, energy from nutrients is converted into a
form that a cell can use
, Cytoskeleton
- maintains cell shape and structure
- helps move substances around cells
Cell membrane
- made of phospholipids and proteins
- controls movement of substances in and out of cell
Ions
- positive or negative charge
- CANNOT pass through membrane
- ions move through channel proteins
- fault ion channels result in cellular disorders that result in disease (ex. cystic fibrosis and Cl-
channels)
- ion channels coded in DNA
Mitosis
cell division for growth, repair (cloning division - daughter cells are genetically IDENTICAL to
parent cells)
- CLONING DIVISION: 1 (2N cell) --> 2 (2N cells) IDENTICAL
Meiosis
cell division for reproduction (produces eggs and a sperm and generates genetic variation)
- Genetic variation: 1 (2N cell) --> 4 (1N cells) DIFFERENT
Replication
2 strands of the replicated chromosome are chromatids
- chromatids = genetically identical to each other
Interphase
chromosomes replicated
Mitosis
division of nucleus and cytoplasm
Prophase
chromosomes condense
Pro-metaphase
ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT
Organelles (NEGLPMCC)
- nucleus
- endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
- peroxisomes
- mitochondria
- cell membrane
- cytoskeleton
** modifications to these structures can cause disease
Endoplasmic reticulum
- rough: site of protein synthesis for export out of cell (rough = kicking out of cell), studded
w/ ribosomes
- smooth: detoxify toxins
Golgi apparatus
proteins modified and labeled for transport outside cell, site where secretions stored
Lysosomes
contain digestive enzymes, breakdown cellular material
Peroxisomes
produce bile for fat digestion, detoxifies various molecules
Mitochondria
have 2 membranes because evolved from bacteria, energy from nutrients is converted into a
form that a cell can use
, Cytoskeleton
- maintains cell shape and structure
- helps move substances around cells
Cell membrane
- made of phospholipids and proteins
- controls movement of substances in and out of cell
Ions
- positive or negative charge
- CANNOT pass through membrane
- ions move through channel proteins
- fault ion channels result in cellular disorders that result in disease (ex. cystic fibrosis and Cl-
channels)
- ion channels coded in DNA
Mitosis
cell division for growth, repair (cloning division - daughter cells are genetically IDENTICAL to
parent cells)
- CLONING DIVISION: 1 (2N cell) --> 2 (2N cells) IDENTICAL
Meiosis
cell division for reproduction (produces eggs and a sperm and generates genetic variation)
- Genetic variation: 1 (2N cell) --> 4 (1N cells) DIFFERENT
Replication
2 strands of the replicated chromosome are chromatids
- chromatids = genetically identical to each other
Interphase
chromosomes replicated
Mitosis
division of nucleus and cytoplasm
Prophase
chromosomes condense
Pro-metaphase
