WVU NSG 320 EXAM 2
What physical growth occurs during toddlerhood (1-3 years old)?
-weight and height occurs in spurts
-gains 3-5 lbs/year
-reach 1/2 adult height by 2 years of age
What maturation occurs with neurology during toddlerhood?
-myelination of brain and spinal cord complete around 24 months
-ability to control sphincter
-this is why we don't start toilet training before the age of 2
What maturation occurs with respiratory during toddlerhood?
-maturing but not reaching adult alveoli until 7 years
-tonsils and adenoids are large
-children can also have kissing tonsils
^we don't worry about these unless the child is having frequent infections, halitosis,
and apnea
,What maturation occurs with cardiac during toddlerhood?
-heart rate decreasing
-BP increasing
What maturation occurs with gastrointestinal during toddlerhood?
maturing but not able to process difficult to digest foods (whole pieces of stool)
What maturation occurs with genitourinary during toddlerhood?
urinary output 1 ml/kg/hr
What maturation occurs with musculoskeletal during toddlerhood?
pot-bellied appearance
What Erikson Stage are toddlers exhibiting?
Erickson Stage: Autonomy v Shame and Doubt
-independence is the paramount for toddlers, who are attempting to do everything
for themselves
-toddlers often use negativism, or negative responses, as they begin their
independence
, -ritualism, or maintaining routine and reliability, provides a sense of comfort for
toddlers as they begin to explore the environment beyond those most familiar to
them (love rituals at this stage)
Regression
-typical regression
-ex. a toddler who has been off a pacifier is now a thumb sucker
-ex. a toddler who drinks out of a cup now wants to drink out of a bottle
Techniques
-appropriate choices
-encourage active play (gross motor development is huge during this stage)
-approach SLOWLY
-expect temper tantrums (this is a normal response)
-use transitional objects
^ask them about who they have with them (toy/stuffed animal), and let them share
^if the child doesn't want to talk, read a book to them (this helps to establish a
relationship)
What phase of Piaget do toddlers exhibit?
-sensorimotor until 2, then preoperational
Later Sensorimotor
-tertiary circular reactions and combinations
What physical growth occurs during toddlerhood (1-3 years old)?
-weight and height occurs in spurts
-gains 3-5 lbs/year
-reach 1/2 adult height by 2 years of age
What maturation occurs with neurology during toddlerhood?
-myelination of brain and spinal cord complete around 24 months
-ability to control sphincter
-this is why we don't start toilet training before the age of 2
What maturation occurs with respiratory during toddlerhood?
-maturing but not reaching adult alveoli until 7 years
-tonsils and adenoids are large
-children can also have kissing tonsils
^we don't worry about these unless the child is having frequent infections, halitosis,
and apnea
,What maturation occurs with cardiac during toddlerhood?
-heart rate decreasing
-BP increasing
What maturation occurs with gastrointestinal during toddlerhood?
maturing but not able to process difficult to digest foods (whole pieces of stool)
What maturation occurs with genitourinary during toddlerhood?
urinary output 1 ml/kg/hr
What maturation occurs with musculoskeletal during toddlerhood?
pot-bellied appearance
What Erikson Stage are toddlers exhibiting?
Erickson Stage: Autonomy v Shame and Doubt
-independence is the paramount for toddlers, who are attempting to do everything
for themselves
-toddlers often use negativism, or negative responses, as they begin their
independence
, -ritualism, or maintaining routine and reliability, provides a sense of comfort for
toddlers as they begin to explore the environment beyond those most familiar to
them (love rituals at this stage)
Regression
-typical regression
-ex. a toddler who has been off a pacifier is now a thumb sucker
-ex. a toddler who drinks out of a cup now wants to drink out of a bottle
Techniques
-appropriate choices
-encourage active play (gross motor development is huge during this stage)
-approach SLOWLY
-expect temper tantrums (this is a normal response)
-use transitional objects
^ask them about who they have with them (toy/stuffed animal), and let them share
^if the child doesn't want to talk, read a book to them (this helps to establish a
relationship)
What phase of Piaget do toddlers exhibit?
-sensorimotor until 2, then preoperational
Later Sensorimotor
-tertiary circular reactions and combinations
