1. What is a common manifestation of fluid overload in critically ill
patients?
A. Hypertension
B. Tachycardia
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Hypoxia
Answer: c) Pulmonary edema
Rationale: Fluid overload can lead to pulmonary edema, where excess
fluid accumulates in the lungs, impairing gas exchange and causing
respiratory distress.
2. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a patient
with hyperkalemia?
A. Administer potassium-sparing diuretics
,B. Provide a low-sodium diet
C. Administer calcium gluconate to stabilize the heart
D. Restrict fluid intake to prevent dilution
Answer: c) Administer calcium gluconate to stabilize the heart
Rationale: Calcium gluconate helps stabilize the myocardium in patients
with hyperkalemia by reducing the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
3. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention
for a patient experiencing delirium in the ICU?
A. Increase environmental stimuli to encourage orientation
B. Administer sedatives to calm the patient
C. Provide a quiet, low-stimulation environment
D. Restrict family visitation to promote rest
Answer: c) Provide a quiet, low-stimulation environment
,Rationale: Delirium in the ICU can be exacerbated by excessive stimuli.
Creating a calm, low-stimulation environment helps reduce agitation and
may improve the patient's orientation.
4. Which of the following is the most common sign of a tension
pneumothorax?
A. Jugular vein distention (JVD)
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypertension
D. Decreased oxygen saturation
Answer: a) Jugular vein distention (JVD)
Rationale: A tension pneumothorax can cause increased pressure in the
chest, leading to JVD, hypotension, and respiratory distress. It is a
medical emergency and requires immediate intervention.
5. Which of the following is a primary concern for a patient receiving
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?
, A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Hemorrhagic shock
Answer: a) Hyperglycemia
Rationale: TPN provides a high concentration of glucose, which can lead
to hyperglycemia. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential
in patients receiving TPN.
6. A critically ill patient is being monitored for signs of septic shock.
What is a common early sign of this condition?
A. Rapid shallow breathing
B. Cool, clammy skin
C. Hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation
D. Decreased urine output
Answer: a) Rapid shallow breathing
patients?
A. Hypertension
B. Tachycardia
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Hypoxia
Answer: c) Pulmonary edema
Rationale: Fluid overload can lead to pulmonary edema, where excess
fluid accumulates in the lungs, impairing gas exchange and causing
respiratory distress.
2. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a patient
with hyperkalemia?
A. Administer potassium-sparing diuretics
,B. Provide a low-sodium diet
C. Administer calcium gluconate to stabilize the heart
D. Restrict fluid intake to prevent dilution
Answer: c) Administer calcium gluconate to stabilize the heart
Rationale: Calcium gluconate helps stabilize the myocardium in patients
with hyperkalemia by reducing the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
3. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention
for a patient experiencing delirium in the ICU?
A. Increase environmental stimuli to encourage orientation
B. Administer sedatives to calm the patient
C. Provide a quiet, low-stimulation environment
D. Restrict family visitation to promote rest
Answer: c) Provide a quiet, low-stimulation environment
,Rationale: Delirium in the ICU can be exacerbated by excessive stimuli.
Creating a calm, low-stimulation environment helps reduce agitation and
may improve the patient's orientation.
4. Which of the following is the most common sign of a tension
pneumothorax?
A. Jugular vein distention (JVD)
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypertension
D. Decreased oxygen saturation
Answer: a) Jugular vein distention (JVD)
Rationale: A tension pneumothorax can cause increased pressure in the
chest, leading to JVD, hypotension, and respiratory distress. It is a
medical emergency and requires immediate intervention.
5. Which of the following is a primary concern for a patient receiving
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?
, A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Hemorrhagic shock
Answer: a) Hyperglycemia
Rationale: TPN provides a high concentration of glucose, which can lead
to hyperglycemia. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential
in patients receiving TPN.
6. A critically ill patient is being monitored for signs of septic shock.
What is a common early sign of this condition?
A. Rapid shallow breathing
B. Cool, clammy skin
C. Hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation
D. Decreased urine output
Answer: a) Rapid shallow breathing
