USE NOTEBOOK
8/12
9th/8th/or 7th edition - pearson - human anatomy
- Anatomy- the study of the structure of the human body
- Physiology - the study of the function
- Subdisciplines- gross anatomy- regional anatomy- systemic anatomy- surface
anatomy- microscopic anatomy- developmental-embryology-radiological-pathology
Hierarchy of structural organization
- Tissues-organs
-
Integumentary system
- hair-skin-nails-sweat glands
Skeletal system
- protects-provides-forms blood cells
Muscular system
- Manipulation of movement
Nervous system
- Fast acting control system responding to internal/external changes
Endocrine system
- Hormones-growth-reproduction-metabolism-nutrient use
Cardiovascular system
- Blood vessels-carries oxygen-wastes and nutrients- pumps blood
Lymphatic system
- Picks up fluid leaked-houses white blood cells
Respiratory system
- Keeps blood supplied- gas exchange- removes carbon dioxide
Digestive system
- Breaks down food into things we need and eliminating the things we don’t need
Urinary system
, - Regulates ph range
Regional and directional terms
- Anatomical position- person stands up straight with feet together eyes forward palms
faced front (thumbs pointed away from body)
- Ipsilateral- same side
- Contralateral- opposite side
- Viscera means organ
8/14
- Microscopy- examining small structures through a microscope
- Light microscopy
- Scanning electron microscopy
- Acidic stain- negatively charged dye molecules
- X-ray- electromagnetic waves of very short length (visualizing bones and abnormal
dense structures
- CT or CAT (computed (axial) tomography
- Angiography (image of highlighted vessel structures)
- MRI (Magnetic resonance image)
- Cell components- obtain nutrients- make molecules- plasma membrane- cytoplasm-
nucleus
- Organelles- subunits cells with specific functions (not all cells have them)
- Plasma membrane- structure (mosaic model(lipid bilayer)
- Type of membrane proteins- integral proteins- peripheral proteins Plasma membrane
functions- relate to location at the interface of cell’s exterior and interior - provide barrier
against substances
- Membrane transport- simple diffusion (molecules move down concentration gradient into
or out of the cell/does not require energy) - osmosis ( diffusion of water through the lipid
bilayer)- facilitated diffusion (helps membrane passage) - active transport (requires
energy (atp) against concentration gradient)
- Endocytosis (Endo-within)
Phagocytosis- ‘cell eating” - Pinocytosis “cell drinking”- Receptor mediated endocytosis
(receptors on the plasma membrane
- Exocytosis (exo means outside)-(moves stuff out of the cell)
- Cytoplasm- lies internal to plasma
- Ribosome- made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA
- Golgi apparatus- a stack of 3 to 10 disc-shaped envelopes
- Lysosomes- membrane-walled sacs- digit unwanted substances “demolition crew”
- Mitochondria- most complex organelle- double walled membrane (bean shape)
- Peroxisomes- break down poisons, long chains of fatty acids (toxic wastes removal
system)
- Nucleus (control center)
8/12
9th/8th/or 7th edition - pearson - human anatomy
- Anatomy- the study of the structure of the human body
- Physiology - the study of the function
- Subdisciplines- gross anatomy- regional anatomy- systemic anatomy- surface
anatomy- microscopic anatomy- developmental-embryology-radiological-pathology
Hierarchy of structural organization
- Tissues-organs
-
Integumentary system
- hair-skin-nails-sweat glands
Skeletal system
- protects-provides-forms blood cells
Muscular system
- Manipulation of movement
Nervous system
- Fast acting control system responding to internal/external changes
Endocrine system
- Hormones-growth-reproduction-metabolism-nutrient use
Cardiovascular system
- Blood vessels-carries oxygen-wastes and nutrients- pumps blood
Lymphatic system
- Picks up fluid leaked-houses white blood cells
Respiratory system
- Keeps blood supplied- gas exchange- removes carbon dioxide
Digestive system
- Breaks down food into things we need and eliminating the things we don’t need
Urinary system
, - Regulates ph range
Regional and directional terms
- Anatomical position- person stands up straight with feet together eyes forward palms
faced front (thumbs pointed away from body)
- Ipsilateral- same side
- Contralateral- opposite side
- Viscera means organ
8/14
- Microscopy- examining small structures through a microscope
- Light microscopy
- Scanning electron microscopy
- Acidic stain- negatively charged dye molecules
- X-ray- electromagnetic waves of very short length (visualizing bones and abnormal
dense structures
- CT or CAT (computed (axial) tomography
- Angiography (image of highlighted vessel structures)
- MRI (Magnetic resonance image)
- Cell components- obtain nutrients- make molecules- plasma membrane- cytoplasm-
nucleus
- Organelles- subunits cells with specific functions (not all cells have them)
- Plasma membrane- structure (mosaic model(lipid bilayer)
- Type of membrane proteins- integral proteins- peripheral proteins Plasma membrane
functions- relate to location at the interface of cell’s exterior and interior - provide barrier
against substances
- Membrane transport- simple diffusion (molecules move down concentration gradient into
or out of the cell/does not require energy) - osmosis ( diffusion of water through the lipid
bilayer)- facilitated diffusion (helps membrane passage) - active transport (requires
energy (atp) against concentration gradient)
- Endocytosis (Endo-within)
Phagocytosis- ‘cell eating” - Pinocytosis “cell drinking”- Receptor mediated endocytosis
(receptors on the plasma membrane
- Exocytosis (exo means outside)-(moves stuff out of the cell)
- Cytoplasm- lies internal to plasma
- Ribosome- made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA
- Golgi apparatus- a stack of 3 to 10 disc-shaped envelopes
- Lysosomes- membrane-walled sacs- digit unwanted substances “demolition crew”
- Mitochondria- most complex organelle- double walled membrane (bean shape)
- Peroxisomes- break down poisons, long chains of fatty acids (toxic wastes removal
system)
- Nucleus (control center)
