TEST BANK
How Children Develop
Robert S. Siegler, Jenny Saffran, and Elizabeth Gershoff
7th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 An Introduction to Child Development 1
Chapter 02 Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period 34
Chapter 03 Biology and Behavior 72
Chapter 04 Theories of Cognitive Development 119
Chapter 05 Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy 160
Chapter 06 Development of Language and Symbol Use 196
Chapter 07 Conceptual Development 228
Chapter 08 Intelligence and Academic Achievement 259
Chapter 09 Theories of Social Development 297
Chapter 10 Emotional Development 335
Chapter 11 Attachment to Others and Development of Self 375
Chapter 12 The Family 406
Chapter 13 Peer Relationships 435
Chapter 14 Moral Development 461
Chapter 15 Gender Development 489
Chapter 16 Conclusions 523
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
Chapter 01 An Introduction to Child Development
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which person is MOST likely to develop schizophrenia, based on current research findings?
a. Stacey, whose first cousin suffers from the disorder
b. Margaret, whose grandfather suffers from the disorder
c. Brandon, whose father suffers from the disorder
d. Michael, whose sister suffers from the disorder
2. Evidence for the enduring epigenetic impact of early experiences and behaviors on development comes from
what type of research?
a. research on methylation
b. meta-analysis
c. longitudinal studies
d. cross-sectional designs
3. A researcher would be MOST likely to use a microgenetic design to examine which topic?
a. basic pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill
b. pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area
c. how change in a particular skill occurs
d. how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time
4. Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as
a. electrical impulses in the brain.
b. chemicals involved in communication between brain cells.
c. gene defects that produce schizophrenia.
d. what early philosophers theorized reflected children's core nature at birth.
5. Dr. Schmidt is studying the effectiveness of a new reading program on minority children who have
experienced an impoverished family background and low maternal involvement. She will separate children into
two groups; one that gets the new reading program and one that uses the current reading program. She will also
use random assignment to create her two groups. The groups created in this manner would NOT be comparable
with regard to which characteristic?
a. minority status
b. maternal involvement
c. family income level
d. paternal education level
6. With which statement would stage theorists NOT agree?
a. Behaviors of children at different ages differ sharply.
b. A child's entry into a new stage involves a gradual shift from one way of experiencing the world to a
different way of experiencing it.
c. Children of a particular age show wide-ranging similarities across a variety of situations.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
d. When children enter a new cognitive stage, they demonstrate their new way of thinking across a
broad spectrum of tasks.
7. To examine the effect of empathy training on teenagers' bullying behaviors, a researcher splits a group of
high school students into two groups through random assignment. Group A is shown a movie about an
interesting science experiment, and group B is shown a movie about students being harmed by bullies. Group A
would be the group, and group B would be the group.
a. dependent; independent
b. independent; dependent
c. control; experimental
d. experimental; control
8. Which factor is NOT one identified by Scarr (1992) that can lead children from the same family to turn out
very different from each other?
a. genetic similarities
b. differences in treatment by family members
c. different environmental conditions
d. differences in reactions to similar experiences
9. Who developed the baby biography?
a. Darwin
b. Locke
c. Freud
d. Watson
10. Which item is NOT one of the four factors Scarr identified as involved in the differences among siblings?
a. sociocultural context
b. genes
c. children's choice of environments
d. treatment by parents and others
11. The accumulation of disadvantages over years of development is referred to as
a. methylation.
b. genome.
c. effortful attention.
d. cumulative risk.
12. Which child in the United States is MOST likely to live below the poverty line?
a. Brice, who is White, non-Hispanic and whose parents are currently divorced
b. Tracey, who is Hispanic and whose parents have recently remarried
c. Suan, who is African American and lives in a single-mother household
d. Chris, who is White, non-Hispanic and lives in a single-mother household
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
13. To examine whether children's cognitive development occurs in stages, Professor Blue observes four groups
of children. Each child's performance on cognitive tasks is observed two or more times over a period of 2 years.
Which group is MOST likely to lead Professor Blue to conclude that development occurs continuously?
a. group A, whose performance on a single task is observed twice each year
b. group B, whose performance on multiple tasks is observed twice each year
c. group C, whose performance on a single task is observed every week
d. group D, whose performance on multiple tasks is observed every week
14. The study that examined the lying behavior of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?
a. cross-sectional
b. microgenetic
c. experimental
d. longitudinal
15. One study discussed in the text demonstrated that infants with a particular form of one of the genes
influencing production of neurotransmitters associated with effortful attention had lower effortful attention than
other infants when they also were exposed to poor parenting. What principle is demonstrated by this study?
a. Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes.
b. The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment.
c. Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment.
d. Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and
environment.
16. Suppose a researcher found out that there was a strong positive correlation between the number of minutes
parents spend reading to children and the number of minutes parents spend engaging in athletic activity with
children. If the researcher concluded that engaging in high levels of athletic activity with children causes
parents to read to them more often, which type of problem would MOST likely be occurring?
a. third-variable
b. direction-of-correlation
c. direction-of-causation
d. insufficient-knowledge
17. A method that allows researchers to gather information from a large number of participants simultaneously
by presenting them a uniform set of items is referred to as a(n)
a. interview.
b. cross-sectional study.
c. longitudinal study.
d. questionnaire.
18. Considering the research on preschoolers' ability to provide accurate testimony about past events, which
piece of advice would be the MOST important for an interviewer to be told prior to interviewing a young child?
a. Bring a doll to aid the child in answering your questions.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
b. Make sure you know the answers to the questions before asking the child.
c. If you do not think the child has answered a question accurately, ask the question again.
d. Ask questions that will help children to testify accurately.
19. In which country are infants expected to sleep in their own bed, separate from their parents, by 6 months of
age?
a. Japan
b. South Korea
c. the United States
d. Mexico
20. What do longitudinal designs do?
a. study children on the verge of a developmental change in order to examine the processes that
produce changes
b. compare groups of children who are of different ages on the same variable
c. follow the same children over a period of time
d. use random assignment
21. Which statement describes a potential disadvantage of the interview method?
a. The interview method has limited value for studying infrequent behaviors.
b. Individuals may distort the way that events happened.
c. It is difficult to gather information about participants' subjective experiences.
d. It does not enable the researcher to examine the subject in an in-depth manner.
22. The study in which 6-year-old children were presented with a 5-day training program designed to improve
effortful attention demonstrated that experience can
a. improve intelligence test scores but not brain processes.
b. change brain processes but not intelligence test scores.
c. improve both intelligence test scores and brain processes.
d. change neither intelligence test scores nor brain processes.
23. Which item would NOT be considered part of the sociocultural context involved in an American child's
language development?
a. number of words in a child's vocabulary
b. town budget for speech therapy
c. parental knowledge of child development
d. modern American value for education
24. Which of Scarr's factors is BEST related to the theme of the active child?
a. genetic differences
b. different choices of environment
c. differences in treatment by parents and others
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
d. different reactions to similar experiences
25. Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?
a. passage of time
b. inconsistent findings across different groups of participants
c. observer disagreement
d. conflicting scores on multiple test days
26. A researcher would be MOST likely to use a cross-sectional design to examine which topic?
a. typical pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill
b. pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area
c. how change in a particular skill occurs
d. how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time
27. What is a hypothesis?
a. a research question
b. a conclusion yielded by research
c. a method used to answer a question
d. a testable prediction
28. What was demonstrated by the study on toddlers' play behaviors in which the TV show Jeopardy! was being
shown in the room while the children were playing?
a. Toddlers' play behavior is unaffected by background exposure to TV.
b. Toddlers are likely to choose watching TV, rather than playing, even when the toys are interesting.
c. Background exposure to TV is disruptive to toddlers, even if they watch little of the show.
d. Toddlers are able to learn from TV if the items in the room are compatible with the content of the TV
show.
29. Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A , the level of B .
a. increases; decreases
b. increases; stays the same
c. decreases; decreases
d. decreases; stays the same
30. Crib speech is a(n)
a. demonstration of the importance of nature on development.
b. early indication of schizophrenia.
c. phenomenon Freud observed and used as a partial basis for his theory.
d. example of an individual's contributions to his or her own development.
31. Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests
with the methodology they used because
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
a. children tend to feel most comfortable in their own homes.
b. they wanted all children to be exposed to identical situations.
c. they were interested in children's subjective experience of the event.
d. of all of these factors.
32. The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment is referred to as
a. epigenetics.
b. evolutionary psychology.
c. neuroscience.
d. genometrics.
33. Which statement BEST characterizes the results of research on children from Romanian orphanages?
a. Positive experiences in later childhood cannot counteract the effect of negative early childhood
experiences.
b. Positive experiences in later childhood counteract the effect of negative early childhood experiences.
c. The impact of positive experiences on children's resiliency depends on the timing and extent of the
neglect.
d. Neglect in infancy always has severe and lasting consequences.
34. The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later
developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?
a. negative-correlation
b. third-variable
c. causal-relationship
d. direction-of-causation
35. Professor Bryson is a researcher who asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much
they like to play with their siblings. He is using
a. naturalistic observation.
b. structured observation.
c. a clinical interview.
d. a structured interview.
36. Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?
a. Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to
persist in the face of difficulty.
b. Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than are other
children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge.
c. Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to think
that a very challenging problem is too hard for them.
d. Children who believe that intelligence can be decreased are more likely than are other children to
quit trying at challenging tasks.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
37. Research studies engaging in designs often reveal that practices that are rare or nonexistent in one's
own culture are common in other cultures.
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. cross-cultural
d. experimental
38. The term "reliability" does NOT refer to the
a. consistency of measurements.
b. similarity in results when a variable is measured at two different time points.
c. ability to generalize measurements.
d. level of agreement in observations by different observers.
39. Researchers interested in understanding the process of change are MOST likely to use a design.
a. correlational
b. microgenetic
c. longitudinal
d. cross-sectional
40. Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?
a. view A: measuring the height of a boy at yearly intervals from birth to age 18
b. view B: examining changes in height from one year to the next from birth to age 18
c. Both view A and view B make changes in height look continuous.
d. Both view A and view B make changes in height look discontinuous.
41. Siegler and Jenkins's examination of the development of the counting-on strategy is an example of
design.
a. longitudinal
b. cross-sectional
c. experimental
d. microgenetic
42. Which family group in the United States has the HIGHEST percentage of the population below the poverty
line?
a. married-couple Hispanic families
b. married-couple White families
c. single-mother Asian families
d. single-mother Black families
43. The term used for the social class measure based on income and education is
a. race.
b. socioeconomic status.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
7|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
c. culture.
d. sociocultural context.
44. Stella has experienced poverty her entire life. Which is NOT an aspect related to cumulative risk that puts
Stella at risk for hindered successful development?
a. attending an inferior day-care center
b. increased exposure to pollution
c. attending an A-rated school
d. residing in a single-parent home
45. Which type of design compares the behavior of groups of children who are of different ages?
a. microgenetic
b. cross-sectional
c. landscape
d. longitudinal
46. Recent research conducted by Ferguson (2015) and Furuya-Kanamori and Doi (2016) concluded what
regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression?
a. Their results indicated a direct link between the two.
b. They found that those who play fewer violent video games demonstrated increased prosocial
behaviors.
c. Their results were inconclusive.
d. They concluded that the effect of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent
aggression were minimal.
47. Attributes that vary across individuals and situations are termed
a. variables.
b. correlates.
c. causes.
d. coefficients.
48. Which method is the BEST way to divide participants into groups for an experiment?
a. dividing participants by hair color
b. allowing participants to choose which group to join
c. dividing participants by where their names fall on an alphabetic list
d. flipping a coin for each participant
49. Researchers would be LEAST likely to examine the effect of on with experimental design.
a. children's TV viewing habits; sibling relationships
b. teachers' testing procedures; children's school achievement
c. poverty; children's beliefs about intelligence
d. social skills training; children's ability to make friends
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
8|Page
How Children Develop
Robert S. Siegler, Jenny Saffran, and Elizabeth Gershoff
7th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 An Introduction to Child Development 1
Chapter 02 Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period 34
Chapter 03 Biology and Behavior 72
Chapter 04 Theories of Cognitive Development 119
Chapter 05 Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy 160
Chapter 06 Development of Language and Symbol Use 196
Chapter 07 Conceptual Development 228
Chapter 08 Intelligence and Academic Achievement 259
Chapter 09 Theories of Social Development 297
Chapter 10 Emotional Development 335
Chapter 11 Attachment to Others and Development of Self 375
Chapter 12 The Family 406
Chapter 13 Peer Relationships 435
Chapter 14 Moral Development 461
Chapter 15 Gender Development 489
Chapter 16 Conclusions 523
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
Chapter 01 An Introduction to Child Development
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which person is MOST likely to develop schizophrenia, based on current research findings?
a. Stacey, whose first cousin suffers from the disorder
b. Margaret, whose grandfather suffers from the disorder
c. Brandon, whose father suffers from the disorder
d. Michael, whose sister suffers from the disorder
2. Evidence for the enduring epigenetic impact of early experiences and behaviors on development comes from
what type of research?
a. research on methylation
b. meta-analysis
c. longitudinal studies
d. cross-sectional designs
3. A researcher would be MOST likely to use a microgenetic design to examine which topic?
a. basic pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill
b. pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area
c. how change in a particular skill occurs
d. how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time
4. Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as
a. electrical impulses in the brain.
b. chemicals involved in communication between brain cells.
c. gene defects that produce schizophrenia.
d. what early philosophers theorized reflected children's core nature at birth.
5. Dr. Schmidt is studying the effectiveness of a new reading program on minority children who have
experienced an impoverished family background and low maternal involvement. She will separate children into
two groups; one that gets the new reading program and one that uses the current reading program. She will also
use random assignment to create her two groups. The groups created in this manner would NOT be comparable
with regard to which characteristic?
a. minority status
b. maternal involvement
c. family income level
d. paternal education level
6. With which statement would stage theorists NOT agree?
a. Behaviors of children at different ages differ sharply.
b. A child's entry into a new stage involves a gradual shift from one way of experiencing the world to a
different way of experiencing it.
c. Children of a particular age show wide-ranging similarities across a variety of situations.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
d. When children enter a new cognitive stage, they demonstrate their new way of thinking across a
broad spectrum of tasks.
7. To examine the effect of empathy training on teenagers' bullying behaviors, a researcher splits a group of
high school students into two groups through random assignment. Group A is shown a movie about an
interesting science experiment, and group B is shown a movie about students being harmed by bullies. Group A
would be the group, and group B would be the group.
a. dependent; independent
b. independent; dependent
c. control; experimental
d. experimental; control
8. Which factor is NOT one identified by Scarr (1992) that can lead children from the same family to turn out
very different from each other?
a. genetic similarities
b. differences in treatment by family members
c. different environmental conditions
d. differences in reactions to similar experiences
9. Who developed the baby biography?
a. Darwin
b. Locke
c. Freud
d. Watson
10. Which item is NOT one of the four factors Scarr identified as involved in the differences among siblings?
a. sociocultural context
b. genes
c. children's choice of environments
d. treatment by parents and others
11. The accumulation of disadvantages over years of development is referred to as
a. methylation.
b. genome.
c. effortful attention.
d. cumulative risk.
12. Which child in the United States is MOST likely to live below the poverty line?
a. Brice, who is White, non-Hispanic and whose parents are currently divorced
b. Tracey, who is Hispanic and whose parents have recently remarried
c. Suan, who is African American and lives in a single-mother household
d. Chris, who is White, non-Hispanic and lives in a single-mother household
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
13. To examine whether children's cognitive development occurs in stages, Professor Blue observes four groups
of children. Each child's performance on cognitive tasks is observed two or more times over a period of 2 years.
Which group is MOST likely to lead Professor Blue to conclude that development occurs continuously?
a. group A, whose performance on a single task is observed twice each year
b. group B, whose performance on multiple tasks is observed twice each year
c. group C, whose performance on a single task is observed every week
d. group D, whose performance on multiple tasks is observed every week
14. The study that examined the lying behavior of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?
a. cross-sectional
b. microgenetic
c. experimental
d. longitudinal
15. One study discussed in the text demonstrated that infants with a particular form of one of the genes
influencing production of neurotransmitters associated with effortful attention had lower effortful attention than
other infants when they also were exposed to poor parenting. What principle is demonstrated by this study?
a. Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes.
b. The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment.
c. Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment.
d. Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and
environment.
16. Suppose a researcher found out that there was a strong positive correlation between the number of minutes
parents spend reading to children and the number of minutes parents spend engaging in athletic activity with
children. If the researcher concluded that engaging in high levels of athletic activity with children causes
parents to read to them more often, which type of problem would MOST likely be occurring?
a. third-variable
b. direction-of-correlation
c. direction-of-causation
d. insufficient-knowledge
17. A method that allows researchers to gather information from a large number of participants simultaneously
by presenting them a uniform set of items is referred to as a(n)
a. interview.
b. cross-sectional study.
c. longitudinal study.
d. questionnaire.
18. Considering the research on preschoolers' ability to provide accurate testimony about past events, which
piece of advice would be the MOST important for an interviewer to be told prior to interviewing a young child?
a. Bring a doll to aid the child in answering your questions.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
b. Make sure you know the answers to the questions before asking the child.
c. If you do not think the child has answered a question accurately, ask the question again.
d. Ask questions that will help children to testify accurately.
19. In which country are infants expected to sleep in their own bed, separate from their parents, by 6 months of
age?
a. Japan
b. South Korea
c. the United States
d. Mexico
20. What do longitudinal designs do?
a. study children on the verge of a developmental change in order to examine the processes that
produce changes
b. compare groups of children who are of different ages on the same variable
c. follow the same children over a period of time
d. use random assignment
21. Which statement describes a potential disadvantage of the interview method?
a. The interview method has limited value for studying infrequent behaviors.
b. Individuals may distort the way that events happened.
c. It is difficult to gather information about participants' subjective experiences.
d. It does not enable the researcher to examine the subject in an in-depth manner.
22. The study in which 6-year-old children were presented with a 5-day training program designed to improve
effortful attention demonstrated that experience can
a. improve intelligence test scores but not brain processes.
b. change brain processes but not intelligence test scores.
c. improve both intelligence test scores and brain processes.
d. change neither intelligence test scores nor brain processes.
23. Which item would NOT be considered part of the sociocultural context involved in an American child's
language development?
a. number of words in a child's vocabulary
b. town budget for speech therapy
c. parental knowledge of child development
d. modern American value for education
24. Which of Scarr's factors is BEST related to the theme of the active child?
a. genetic differences
b. different choices of environment
c. differences in treatment by parents and others
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
d. different reactions to similar experiences
25. Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?
a. passage of time
b. inconsistent findings across different groups of participants
c. observer disagreement
d. conflicting scores on multiple test days
26. A researcher would be MOST likely to use a cross-sectional design to examine which topic?
a. typical pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill
b. pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area
c. how change in a particular skill occurs
d. how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time
27. What is a hypothesis?
a. a research question
b. a conclusion yielded by research
c. a method used to answer a question
d. a testable prediction
28. What was demonstrated by the study on toddlers' play behaviors in which the TV show Jeopardy! was being
shown in the room while the children were playing?
a. Toddlers' play behavior is unaffected by background exposure to TV.
b. Toddlers are likely to choose watching TV, rather than playing, even when the toys are interesting.
c. Background exposure to TV is disruptive to toddlers, even if they watch little of the show.
d. Toddlers are able to learn from TV if the items in the room are compatible with the content of the TV
show.
29. Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A , the level of B .
a. increases; decreases
b. increases; stays the same
c. decreases; decreases
d. decreases; stays the same
30. Crib speech is a(n)
a. demonstration of the importance of nature on development.
b. early indication of schizophrenia.
c. phenomenon Freud observed and used as a partial basis for his theory.
d. example of an individual's contributions to his or her own development.
31. Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests
with the methodology they used because
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
a. children tend to feel most comfortable in their own homes.
b. they wanted all children to be exposed to identical situations.
c. they were interested in children's subjective experience of the event.
d. of all of these factors.
32. The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment is referred to as
a. epigenetics.
b. evolutionary psychology.
c. neuroscience.
d. genometrics.
33. Which statement BEST characterizes the results of research on children from Romanian orphanages?
a. Positive experiences in later childhood cannot counteract the effect of negative early childhood
experiences.
b. Positive experiences in later childhood counteract the effect of negative early childhood experiences.
c. The impact of positive experiences on children's resiliency depends on the timing and extent of the
neglect.
d. Neglect in infancy always has severe and lasting consequences.
34. The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later
developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?
a. negative-correlation
b. third-variable
c. causal-relationship
d. direction-of-causation
35. Professor Bryson is a researcher who asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much
they like to play with their siblings. He is using
a. naturalistic observation.
b. structured observation.
c. a clinical interview.
d. a structured interview.
36. Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?
a. Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to
persist in the face of difficulty.
b. Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than are other
children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge.
c. Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to think
that a very challenging problem is too hard for them.
d. Children who believe that intelligence can be decreased are more likely than are other children to
quit trying at challenging tasks.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
37. Research studies engaging in designs often reveal that practices that are rare or nonexistent in one's
own culture are common in other cultures.
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. cross-cultural
d. experimental
38. The term "reliability" does NOT refer to the
a. consistency of measurements.
b. similarity in results when a variable is measured at two different time points.
c. ability to generalize measurements.
d. level of agreement in observations by different observers.
39. Researchers interested in understanding the process of change are MOST likely to use a design.
a. correlational
b. microgenetic
c. longitudinal
d. cross-sectional
40. Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?
a. view A: measuring the height of a boy at yearly intervals from birth to age 18
b. view B: examining changes in height from one year to the next from birth to age 18
c. Both view A and view B make changes in height look continuous.
d. Both view A and view B make changes in height look discontinuous.
41. Siegler and Jenkins's examination of the development of the counting-on strategy is an example of
design.
a. longitudinal
b. cross-sectional
c. experimental
d. microgenetic
42. Which family group in the United States has the HIGHEST percentage of the population below the poverty
line?
a. married-couple Hispanic families
b. married-couple White families
c. single-mother Asian families
d. single-mother Black families
43. The term used for the social class measure based on income and education is
a. race.
b. socioeconomic status.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
7|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - How Children Develop, 7th Edition (Siegler, 2024)
c. culture.
d. sociocultural context.
44. Stella has experienced poverty her entire life. Which is NOT an aspect related to cumulative risk that puts
Stella at risk for hindered successful development?
a. attending an inferior day-care center
b. increased exposure to pollution
c. attending an A-rated school
d. residing in a single-parent home
45. Which type of design compares the behavior of groups of children who are of different ages?
a. microgenetic
b. cross-sectional
c. landscape
d. longitudinal
46. Recent research conducted by Ferguson (2015) and Furuya-Kanamori and Doi (2016) concluded what
regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression?
a. Their results indicated a direct link between the two.
b. They found that those who play fewer violent video games demonstrated increased prosocial
behaviors.
c. Their results were inconclusive.
d. They concluded that the effect of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent
aggression were minimal.
47. Attributes that vary across individuals and situations are termed
a. variables.
b. correlates.
c. causes.
d. coefficients.
48. Which method is the BEST way to divide participants into groups for an experiment?
a. dividing participants by hair color
b. allowing participants to choose which group to join
c. dividing participants by where their names fall on an alphabetic list
d. flipping a coin for each participant
49. Researchers would be LEAST likely to examine the effect of on with experimental design.
a. children's TV viewing habits; sibling relationships
b. teachers' testing procedures; children's school achievement
c. poverty; children's beliefs about intelligence
d. social skills training; children's ability to make friends
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