ENR 3300 Exam 2 Latest Update
population - ANSWER groups of organisms of the SAME species living in the same area
at the same time
community - ANSWER multiple DIFFERENT species in one location
population abundance (N) - ANSWER number of individuals in the population
population density (N/m^2) - ANSWER how many individuals are in a particular area
population dynamics / growth rate (dN/dt) - ANSWER how the size of the population is
changing over time
vital rates - ANSWER processes that determine the dynamics of a population
examples of vital rates - ANSWER - birth rates (b)
- death rates (d)
- immigration
- emigration
recruitment rates - ANSWER - fish
- similar to birth rates
- number of fish that are entering fishery
- number of fish that are reproductively mature
population size (N) = - ANSWER - births plus deaths
-N=b+d
how do populations grow? - ANSWER exponential
a population that grows exponentially... - ANSWER - adds increasingly more individuals
as N (population abundance) increases
- does not require increases in the intrinsic rate of natural increases (r)
dN/dt = rN
active management - ANSWER removing individuals from a population
management challenges of bison in yellowstone national park - ANSWER - Bison leaving
the park. Some have disease (Brucellosis) that can be transmitted to livestock. Creates
,problems for humans - increased human/wildlife conflict
(Car crashes)
approaches being used to manage bison - ANSWER - active removal (culling)
- outreach/education with surrounding states. working together to find a management
solution
density dependent factors
(regulates the growth of a population) - ANSWER - factors whose influence is dependent
on the size of the population and regulates growth by changes in reproduction and
survival
- ex: the effect of competition for resources, predation & rates of infection can all
increase with population density
density independent factors - ANSWER - factors that affect a population irrespective of
the density of that population
- ex: pollution, weather extremes, natural disasters
carrying capacity (K) - ANSWER number of individuals the environment can support
indefinitely
logistic growth - ANSWER - most relevant basic growth model for understanding
approaches to harvest
- occurs when the growth rate decreases as the population reaches carrying capacity
- parabola
in fish and wildlife management, what is the level that we usually manage? - ANSWER
population
in forestry, what is the level that we usually manage - ANSWER community (many
species)
population growth of trees - ANSWER - logistic
- individual trees grow in response to the trees around them
what is going on for individual trees as total biomass increases? - ANSWER over time,
there are fewer trees per acres, but they are larger
size distribution of trees - ANSWER a lot of small trees, few large
factors that influence forest growth and yield - ANSWER - stand age
- species composition
, - site quality
- stocking
- competition
how do we age a stand - ANSWER measuring diameter
site index - ANSWER - used to evaluate site quality (how fast a site can grow)
- gives the projected height at an index age (usually 50 or 100 years)
SI of 75, base age 50 - ANSWER the average height of the dominant and codominant
trees on a site will be 75 feet when they are 50 years old
trees grow smaller in.. - ANSWER northern united states
density - ANSWER number of trees in an area
growth will be slow in stands that are - ANSWER too dense or too sparse
"ideal" density determined by - ANSWER management goals
larger density - ANSWER slightly smaller diameter
smaller density - ANSWER larger trees because there is more space to grow
competition - ANSWER demand for available resources
competition comes in two forms - ANSWER 1) between trees
2) from non-target vegetation
natal dispersal - ANSWER the ONE WAY movement of an individual between their natal
site of origin to the place where it reproduces
adult dispersal - ANSWER the ONE WAY movement of an individual to a new habitat after
reaching sexual maturity
active dispersal - ANSWER animals
passive dispersal - ANSWER plants (seeds)
population - ANSWER groups of organisms of the SAME species living in the same area
at the same time
community - ANSWER multiple DIFFERENT species in one location
population abundance (N) - ANSWER number of individuals in the population
population density (N/m^2) - ANSWER how many individuals are in a particular area
population dynamics / growth rate (dN/dt) - ANSWER how the size of the population is
changing over time
vital rates - ANSWER processes that determine the dynamics of a population
examples of vital rates - ANSWER - birth rates (b)
- death rates (d)
- immigration
- emigration
recruitment rates - ANSWER - fish
- similar to birth rates
- number of fish that are entering fishery
- number of fish that are reproductively mature
population size (N) = - ANSWER - births plus deaths
-N=b+d
how do populations grow? - ANSWER exponential
a population that grows exponentially... - ANSWER - adds increasingly more individuals
as N (population abundance) increases
- does not require increases in the intrinsic rate of natural increases (r)
dN/dt = rN
active management - ANSWER removing individuals from a population
management challenges of bison in yellowstone national park - ANSWER - Bison leaving
the park. Some have disease (Brucellosis) that can be transmitted to livestock. Creates
,problems for humans - increased human/wildlife conflict
(Car crashes)
approaches being used to manage bison - ANSWER - active removal (culling)
- outreach/education with surrounding states. working together to find a management
solution
density dependent factors
(regulates the growth of a population) - ANSWER - factors whose influence is dependent
on the size of the population and regulates growth by changes in reproduction and
survival
- ex: the effect of competition for resources, predation & rates of infection can all
increase with population density
density independent factors - ANSWER - factors that affect a population irrespective of
the density of that population
- ex: pollution, weather extremes, natural disasters
carrying capacity (K) - ANSWER number of individuals the environment can support
indefinitely
logistic growth - ANSWER - most relevant basic growth model for understanding
approaches to harvest
- occurs when the growth rate decreases as the population reaches carrying capacity
- parabola
in fish and wildlife management, what is the level that we usually manage? - ANSWER
population
in forestry, what is the level that we usually manage - ANSWER community (many
species)
population growth of trees - ANSWER - logistic
- individual trees grow in response to the trees around them
what is going on for individual trees as total biomass increases? - ANSWER over time,
there are fewer trees per acres, but they are larger
size distribution of trees - ANSWER a lot of small trees, few large
factors that influence forest growth and yield - ANSWER - stand age
- species composition
, - site quality
- stocking
- competition
how do we age a stand - ANSWER measuring diameter
site index - ANSWER - used to evaluate site quality (how fast a site can grow)
- gives the projected height at an index age (usually 50 or 100 years)
SI of 75, base age 50 - ANSWER the average height of the dominant and codominant
trees on a site will be 75 feet when they are 50 years old
trees grow smaller in.. - ANSWER northern united states
density - ANSWER number of trees in an area
growth will be slow in stands that are - ANSWER too dense or too sparse
"ideal" density determined by - ANSWER management goals
larger density - ANSWER slightly smaller diameter
smaller density - ANSWER larger trees because there is more space to grow
competition - ANSWER demand for available resources
competition comes in two forms - ANSWER 1) between trees
2) from non-target vegetation
natal dispersal - ANSWER the ONE WAY movement of an individual between their natal
site of origin to the place where it reproduces
adult dispersal - ANSWER the ONE WAY movement of an individual to a new habitat after
reaching sexual maturity
active dispersal - ANSWER animals
passive dispersal - ANSWER plants (seeds)
