HKR 3300 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
motor skills - ANSWER require body head, and/or limb movement to achieve its goal
motor learning - ANSWER involves study of acquisition of new skills, performance
enhancement of well-learned skills, reacquisition of skills following injury disease, etc
motor control - ANSWER how the neuromuscular system functions to enable
coordinated movement
motor development - ANSWER human development from infancy to old age
what factors influence motor skill learning and performance? - ANSWER your own
abilities, environment
skills - ANSWER tasks or activities that have specific goals to achieve (action goals)
actions - ANSWER synonymous with the term "motor skills"
characteristics of motor skills and actions - ANSWER - goal to achieve
-voluntary
-requires body movement
movements - ANSWER behavioural characteristics of a specific limb or a combination of
limbs
Why distinguish movements from skills and actions? - ANSWER - People initially learn to
achieve action goals
- People use a variety of movement characteristics to achieve the same action goal
- People use different types of measures to evaluate actions and movements
Why classify motor skills? - ANSWER -Provides basis for identifying
similarities/differences among skills
-Provides basis for developing principles related to performing and learning motor skills
One-Dimension Classification Systems - ANSWER are based on one common skill
characteristic that identifies similarities among skills, and are divided into two
categories
gross motor skill - ANSWER require the use of large musculature to achieve the goal of
the skills
fine motor skill - ANSWER require control of a small muscles to achieve the goal of a skill
,Discrete motor skills - ANSWER specified beginning and end points, usually require a
simple movement
continous motor skill - ANSWER A motor skill with arbitrary movement beginning and
end points. These skills usually involve repetitive movements.
serial motor skills - ANSWER involve a continuous series of discrete skills (like shifting
gears in a car)
environmental context - ANSWER the physical location/ setting in which a skill is
performed
features of environmental context - ANSWER -supporting surface
-objects
-other people
closed motor skills - ANSWER involve a stationary supporting surface, object, and/or
other people; performer determines when to begin the action
open motor skill - ANSWER involve supporting surface, object, and/or other people in
motion
two dimensions of the taxonomy - ANSWER -environmental context
- function of the action
regulatory conditions - ANSWER characteristics of environment that control the
movement characteristics of an action
intertrial variability - ANSWER whether the regulatory conditions are the same or
different from one performance attempt to another (will it be the same every time)
environmental context characteristics - ANSWER -regulatory conditions
- intertrial variability
function of the action characteristics - ANSWER - body orientation
-object manipulation
body orientation - ANSWER does the skill require the person to move from one location
to another or to stay in the same location
object manipulation - ANSWER maintaining or changing the position of the object
skill complexity increases when a motor skill involves one or more of these - ANSWER
-open environment
-trial to trial variability
, -object to manipulate
-body transport
why study the measurement if motor performance? - ANSWER -performance
assessment/ evaluation
-motor learning and control research
-prevent injury
-improve rehab
-optimize skills
performance outcome - ANSWER outcome or result of performing a motor skill
performance production - ANSWER measures of motor skill performance that indicate
the performance of specific aspects of the motor control system during the
performance
reaction time - ANSWER common measure indicating how long it takes a person to
prepare and initiate a movement
"go signals" or stimulus - ANSWER -traffic light
-whistle
-calling #'s in football
stimulus - ANSWER indication to act
simple RT - ANSWER one signal, one response
Choice RT - ANSWER more than one signal, each signal has a specific response
discrimination RT - ANSWER more than one signal, only one response
two components of fractioned RT - ANSWER - pre-motor time
- Motor time
Pre-motor time - ANSWER Quiet interval of time between the onset of stimulus and
beginning of activity
motor time - ANSWER Interval from the initial increase in muscle activity until the actual
limb movement
surface EMG - ANSWER -movement involves electrical activity in the muscles
-electrodes detect electrical activity
motor skills - ANSWER require body head, and/or limb movement to achieve its goal
motor learning - ANSWER involves study of acquisition of new skills, performance
enhancement of well-learned skills, reacquisition of skills following injury disease, etc
motor control - ANSWER how the neuromuscular system functions to enable
coordinated movement
motor development - ANSWER human development from infancy to old age
what factors influence motor skill learning and performance? - ANSWER your own
abilities, environment
skills - ANSWER tasks or activities that have specific goals to achieve (action goals)
actions - ANSWER synonymous with the term "motor skills"
characteristics of motor skills and actions - ANSWER - goal to achieve
-voluntary
-requires body movement
movements - ANSWER behavioural characteristics of a specific limb or a combination of
limbs
Why distinguish movements from skills and actions? - ANSWER - People initially learn to
achieve action goals
- People use a variety of movement characteristics to achieve the same action goal
- People use different types of measures to evaluate actions and movements
Why classify motor skills? - ANSWER -Provides basis for identifying
similarities/differences among skills
-Provides basis for developing principles related to performing and learning motor skills
One-Dimension Classification Systems - ANSWER are based on one common skill
characteristic that identifies similarities among skills, and are divided into two
categories
gross motor skill - ANSWER require the use of large musculature to achieve the goal of
the skills
fine motor skill - ANSWER require control of a small muscles to achieve the goal of a skill
,Discrete motor skills - ANSWER specified beginning and end points, usually require a
simple movement
continous motor skill - ANSWER A motor skill with arbitrary movement beginning and
end points. These skills usually involve repetitive movements.
serial motor skills - ANSWER involve a continuous series of discrete skills (like shifting
gears in a car)
environmental context - ANSWER the physical location/ setting in which a skill is
performed
features of environmental context - ANSWER -supporting surface
-objects
-other people
closed motor skills - ANSWER involve a stationary supporting surface, object, and/or
other people; performer determines when to begin the action
open motor skill - ANSWER involve supporting surface, object, and/or other people in
motion
two dimensions of the taxonomy - ANSWER -environmental context
- function of the action
regulatory conditions - ANSWER characteristics of environment that control the
movement characteristics of an action
intertrial variability - ANSWER whether the regulatory conditions are the same or
different from one performance attempt to another (will it be the same every time)
environmental context characteristics - ANSWER -regulatory conditions
- intertrial variability
function of the action characteristics - ANSWER - body orientation
-object manipulation
body orientation - ANSWER does the skill require the person to move from one location
to another or to stay in the same location
object manipulation - ANSWER maintaining or changing the position of the object
skill complexity increases when a motor skill involves one or more of these - ANSWER
-open environment
-trial to trial variability
, -object to manipulate
-body transport
why study the measurement if motor performance? - ANSWER -performance
assessment/ evaluation
-motor learning and control research
-prevent injury
-improve rehab
-optimize skills
performance outcome - ANSWER outcome or result of performing a motor skill
performance production - ANSWER measures of motor skill performance that indicate
the performance of specific aspects of the motor control system during the
performance
reaction time - ANSWER common measure indicating how long it takes a person to
prepare and initiate a movement
"go signals" or stimulus - ANSWER -traffic light
-whistle
-calling #'s in football
stimulus - ANSWER indication to act
simple RT - ANSWER one signal, one response
Choice RT - ANSWER more than one signal, each signal has a specific response
discrimination RT - ANSWER more than one signal, only one response
two components of fractioned RT - ANSWER - pre-motor time
- Motor time
Pre-motor time - ANSWER Quiet interval of time between the onset of stimulus and
beginning of activity
motor time - ANSWER Interval from the initial increase in muscle activity until the actual
limb movement
surface EMG - ANSWER -movement involves electrical activity in the muscles
-electrodes detect electrical activity
