1
NSG223
NSG223/ NSG 223 EXAM 1: MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING II
REVIEW| QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)(NEW 2025/ 2026 UPDATE)
1. Pericarditis - nursing mgt: Analgesics, forward-leaning or sitting
position to relieve pain, gradual increases in activity
2. Pericarditis assessment: - Evaluate patient in various positions
- presence of pericardial friction rub (hallmark sign) (creaky/scratch,
louder at exhalation)
- pt has to sit, lean forward, and hold their breath for rub to be heard
3. Pericardial effusion: abnormal accumulation of fluid b/w pericardial
linings
- can accumulate and choke the heart (i.e., cardiac tamponade, impair
v-filling & pumping)
4. Cardiac tamponade: - acute compression of the heart
- SOB, chest tightness, dizziness
NSG223
,- Beck triad is hallmark (hypotension, muffled heart sounds, elevated
jugular venous pressure)
- heart sounds go from distant to imperceptible
5. Angina pectoris pathophysiology: - Atheroslerosis
- Associated w/angina pain: physical exertion, exposure to cold, eating
a heavy meal, or stressful situation
6. Types of Angina: stable, unstable, intractable/refractory,
variant, silent ischemia
7. Intractable or refractory angina: severe incapacitating
chest pain
8. Variant angina: pain at rest with reversible ST-segment
elevation; thought to be caused by coronary artery vasospasm
9. Silent ischemia: Objective evidence of ischemia (ECG
changes w/stress test) but no pain
10. Angina nursing mgt: - Treat it: stop activities, semi-
Fowler's, 12-lead ECG, nitro, oxygen
- Reduce anxiety: guided imagery, music therapy,
spiritual needs - Promote care: education,
, symptoms, prevention 19. Angina pharmacological
mgt:
20. Atherosclerosis pathology: - Narrowing (stenosis) of lumen,
obstruction by thrombosis, aneurysm, ulceration, and rupture
- cells die due to lack of blood flow
- vulnerable where arteries bifurcate/branch
- males have more below-the-knee pathology
21. Fatty streaks (atherosclerotic lesions): Yellow & smooth;
composed of lipids and elongated smooth muscle cells; do not cause
symptoms
22. Fibrous plaques (atherosclerotic lesions): White to white-
yellow; composed of smooth muscle cells, collagen fibers, plasma, and
lipids; found in main arteries and are progressive
23 Atherosclerosis prevention: - Statins - 1st line
NSG223
NSG223/ NSG 223 EXAM 1: MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING II
REVIEW| QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)(NEW 2025/ 2026 UPDATE)
1. Pericarditis - nursing mgt: Analgesics, forward-leaning or sitting
position to relieve pain, gradual increases in activity
2. Pericarditis assessment: - Evaluate patient in various positions
- presence of pericardial friction rub (hallmark sign) (creaky/scratch,
louder at exhalation)
- pt has to sit, lean forward, and hold their breath for rub to be heard
3. Pericardial effusion: abnormal accumulation of fluid b/w pericardial
linings
- can accumulate and choke the heart (i.e., cardiac tamponade, impair
v-filling & pumping)
4. Cardiac tamponade: - acute compression of the heart
- SOB, chest tightness, dizziness
NSG223
,- Beck triad is hallmark (hypotension, muffled heart sounds, elevated
jugular venous pressure)
- heart sounds go from distant to imperceptible
5. Angina pectoris pathophysiology: - Atheroslerosis
- Associated w/angina pain: physical exertion, exposure to cold, eating
a heavy meal, or stressful situation
6. Types of Angina: stable, unstable, intractable/refractory,
variant, silent ischemia
7. Intractable or refractory angina: severe incapacitating
chest pain
8. Variant angina: pain at rest with reversible ST-segment
elevation; thought to be caused by coronary artery vasospasm
9. Silent ischemia: Objective evidence of ischemia (ECG
changes w/stress test) but no pain
10. Angina nursing mgt: - Treat it: stop activities, semi-
Fowler's, 12-lead ECG, nitro, oxygen
- Reduce anxiety: guided imagery, music therapy,
spiritual needs - Promote care: education,
, symptoms, prevention 19. Angina pharmacological
mgt:
20. Atherosclerosis pathology: - Narrowing (stenosis) of lumen,
obstruction by thrombosis, aneurysm, ulceration, and rupture
- cells die due to lack of blood flow
- vulnerable where arteries bifurcate/branch
- males have more below-the-knee pathology
21. Fatty streaks (atherosclerotic lesions): Yellow & smooth;
composed of lipids and elongated smooth muscle cells; do not cause
symptoms
22. Fibrous plaques (atherosclerotic lesions): White to white-
yellow; composed of smooth muscle cells, collagen fibers, plasma, and
lipids; found in main arteries and are progressive
23 Atherosclerosis prevention: - Statins - 1st line
