1
NSG223
NSG223/ NSG 223 EXAM 2: MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING II|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS)(NEW 2025/ 2026 UPDATE)
1. Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic
Acidosis: - Build up of acid in the body due to kidney failure or
disease - Kidneys are unable to remove enough acid from your blood
- Hypocalcemia
2. Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic
Alkalosis: - High pH, high plasma bicarbonate concertation
- Gastric suctioning, vomiting, diuretic use from potassium loss,
Cushing's syndrome, long term diuretic and antacid use.
3. Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory
Acidosis: -
Hypoventilation- inadequate excretion of CO2, High CO2 levels
- Acute pulmonary edema, Severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory
distress syndrome
NSG223
,- Chronic hypercapnia- excessive CO2 in the blood
- Chemoreceptors in your brain alerted to elevated CO2- Ventilation
4. Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory
Alkalosis: - Hyperventilation- panic attack or anxiety, Low CO2 levels
- Asthma
- COPD
- PE
5. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic
Acidosis: - Headache
- Confusion
- Increased respiratory rate and depth
- Hypotension
- Cool clammy skin - Dysrhythmias
6. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic
Alkalosis: - Hypercalcemia
- Hypertonic muscles
- Depressed respirations
, 3
NSG223
- Hypokalemia
- Decreased motility and paralytic ileus
- Potassium decreases- PVCs or U waves are seen on ECCG
7. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Acute Respiratory
Acidosis: - Wheezing
- Blurred vision
- Cyanosis in hands and feet
8. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Chronic
Respiratory Acidosis: - Memory loss
- Coordination problems
- Sleepiness and headaches- obstructive sleep apnea
- Heart failure
- Polycythemia
- Pulmonary hypertension
9. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory
Alkalosis: - Numbness or muscles spasm in hands and feet
- Tingling in the arms
NSG223
, - SOB
- lightheaded
10. Clinical manifestations of ARDS: - The acute phase of ARDS is
marked by a rapid onset of severe dyspnea that usually occurs less
than 72 hours after the precipitating event.
- Arterial hypoxemia that does not respond to supplemental oxygen is
characteristic.
- Blue fingernails or blue tone to the skin or lips
11. Hepatitis A Medication treatment: - Intervention: Bed rest, small
feedings and frequent, IV fluids with glucose, Physical activity
restrictions but ambulation is encouraged.
12. Hepatitis B Medication Treatment: - Intervention: Injection,
antibody within 12 hours of exposure, rest, interferon
- For Chronic: use of anti-virals, Pegylated interferon, Lamivudine,
Entecavir, Tenofovir
- Coping skills for patient and family gradual resume of activity after
jaundice is resolved
NSG223
NSG223/ NSG 223 EXAM 2: MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING II|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS)(NEW 2025/ 2026 UPDATE)
1. Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic
Acidosis: - Build up of acid in the body due to kidney failure or
disease - Kidneys are unable to remove enough acid from your blood
- Hypocalcemia
2. Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic
Alkalosis: - High pH, high plasma bicarbonate concertation
- Gastric suctioning, vomiting, diuretic use from potassium loss,
Cushing's syndrome, long term diuretic and antacid use.
3. Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory
Acidosis: -
Hypoventilation- inadequate excretion of CO2, High CO2 levels
- Acute pulmonary edema, Severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory
distress syndrome
NSG223
,- Chronic hypercapnia- excessive CO2 in the blood
- Chemoreceptors in your brain alerted to elevated CO2- Ventilation
4. Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory
Alkalosis: - Hyperventilation- panic attack or anxiety, Low CO2 levels
- Asthma
- COPD
- PE
5. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic
Acidosis: - Headache
- Confusion
- Increased respiratory rate and depth
- Hypotension
- Cool clammy skin - Dysrhythmias
6. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic
Alkalosis: - Hypercalcemia
- Hypertonic muscles
- Depressed respirations
, 3
NSG223
- Hypokalemia
- Decreased motility and paralytic ileus
- Potassium decreases- PVCs or U waves are seen on ECCG
7. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Acute Respiratory
Acidosis: - Wheezing
- Blurred vision
- Cyanosis in hands and feet
8. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Chronic
Respiratory Acidosis: - Memory loss
- Coordination problems
- Sleepiness and headaches- obstructive sleep apnea
- Heart failure
- Polycythemia
- Pulmonary hypertension
9. Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory
Alkalosis: - Numbness or muscles spasm in hands and feet
- Tingling in the arms
NSG223
, - SOB
- lightheaded
10. Clinical manifestations of ARDS: - The acute phase of ARDS is
marked by a rapid onset of severe dyspnea that usually occurs less
than 72 hours after the precipitating event.
- Arterial hypoxemia that does not respond to supplemental oxygen is
characteristic.
- Blue fingernails or blue tone to the skin or lips
11. Hepatitis A Medication treatment: - Intervention: Bed rest, small
feedings and frequent, IV fluids with glucose, Physical activity
restrictions but ambulation is encouraged.
12. Hepatitis B Medication Treatment: - Intervention: Injection,
antibody within 12 hours of exposure, rest, interferon
- For Chronic: use of anti-virals, Pegylated interferon, Lamivudine,
Entecavir, Tenofovir
- Coping skills for patient and family gradual resume of activity after
jaundice is resolved
