KIN 431 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
What kind of local cold injury can occur when skin/tissue temperatures are less than 32
F? - Answer-frostbite
What kind of local cold injury can occur when skin/tissue temperatures are greater than
32 F? - Answer-- trench foot = foot tissue damage due to prolonged periods of standing
in wet, cold conditions
- chilblains = painful inflammation of small blood vessels in your skin that occur in
response to repeated exposure to the cold
How does air temperature affect heat balance in the cold? - Answer-Only affects
Convection: the colder it is, the faster we lose heat due to the larger gradient between
our body and the environment
- increased SA exposed to the environment gives more opportunity for heat to be
dissipated
How is SV affected by heat acclimatization during submaximal exercise? - Answer-SV
becomes elevated
- since plasma volume is increasing as an adaptation from the heat, we need an
increased preload
How is cardiac output affected by heat acclimatization during submaximal exercise? -
Answer-remains the same
Which heat adaptation seems to be critical to many of the other adaptations to training
in the heat? - Answer-increases plasma volume
How does an increased plasma volume affect HR? - Answer-decreases HR
- this is why HR decreases as a result of heat acclimatization
How is increase in plasma volume accomplished? - Answer-by an increase in plasma
proteins that are synthesized by the liver
Ex. albumin
How is lactate affected by heat acclimatization during exercise in the cool and the heat?
- Answer-there is less lactate produced after heat adaptations when exercising in the
cool and the heat
Heat adaptations cause a blunted hormonal response, which leads to: - Answer-- less
catecholamine production
- less glycogen breakdown
, Increased RER =
Decreased RER = - Answer-- more reliant on CHO for a fuel source
- more reliant on fats for a fuel source
Since less glycogen is being broken down in response to heat acclimatization, RER: -
Answer-decreases
- more reliant on fats as a result of heat adaptations
How does heat acclimation affect exercise performance in the heat and in normal
conditions? - Answer-exercise performance is improved in both conditions
- VO2max, time trials, and power output all improved
How long do heat adaptations last when no longer training in the heat? - Answer-2-4
weeks
How does heat acclimation affect the following variables:
- Plasma volume
- HR
- Exercise capacity
- Thermal comfort
- Skin temperature
- Core temperature
- Sweat rate
- Stroke volume - Answer-- PV: increases
- HR: decreases
- EC: increases
- TC: increases
- ST: decreases
- CBT: decreases
- SR: increases
- SV: increases
In the cold, we need to generate heat in order to: - Answer-slow down the dissipation of
heat
We __________ in order to keep warm blood as close to the core as possible - Answer-
vasoconstrict
- this can lead to nerve damage and tissue dysfunction
How does water affect heat balance in the cold? - Answer-Only affects Convection: 30x
faster convection rates in the water compared to the air
- our microenvironment is constantly being swept away and replaced
- even warmer water decreases our core body temperature more than colder air does
(10 C water makes us colder than 0 C air)
COMPLETE ANSWERS
What kind of local cold injury can occur when skin/tissue temperatures are less than 32
F? - Answer-frostbite
What kind of local cold injury can occur when skin/tissue temperatures are greater than
32 F? - Answer-- trench foot = foot tissue damage due to prolonged periods of standing
in wet, cold conditions
- chilblains = painful inflammation of small blood vessels in your skin that occur in
response to repeated exposure to the cold
How does air temperature affect heat balance in the cold? - Answer-Only affects
Convection: the colder it is, the faster we lose heat due to the larger gradient between
our body and the environment
- increased SA exposed to the environment gives more opportunity for heat to be
dissipated
How is SV affected by heat acclimatization during submaximal exercise? - Answer-SV
becomes elevated
- since plasma volume is increasing as an adaptation from the heat, we need an
increased preload
How is cardiac output affected by heat acclimatization during submaximal exercise? -
Answer-remains the same
Which heat adaptation seems to be critical to many of the other adaptations to training
in the heat? - Answer-increases plasma volume
How does an increased plasma volume affect HR? - Answer-decreases HR
- this is why HR decreases as a result of heat acclimatization
How is increase in plasma volume accomplished? - Answer-by an increase in plasma
proteins that are synthesized by the liver
Ex. albumin
How is lactate affected by heat acclimatization during exercise in the cool and the heat?
- Answer-there is less lactate produced after heat adaptations when exercising in the
cool and the heat
Heat adaptations cause a blunted hormonal response, which leads to: - Answer-- less
catecholamine production
- less glycogen breakdown
, Increased RER =
Decreased RER = - Answer-- more reliant on CHO for a fuel source
- more reliant on fats for a fuel source
Since less glycogen is being broken down in response to heat acclimatization, RER: -
Answer-decreases
- more reliant on fats as a result of heat adaptations
How does heat acclimation affect exercise performance in the heat and in normal
conditions? - Answer-exercise performance is improved in both conditions
- VO2max, time trials, and power output all improved
How long do heat adaptations last when no longer training in the heat? - Answer-2-4
weeks
How does heat acclimation affect the following variables:
- Plasma volume
- HR
- Exercise capacity
- Thermal comfort
- Skin temperature
- Core temperature
- Sweat rate
- Stroke volume - Answer-- PV: increases
- HR: decreases
- EC: increases
- TC: increases
- ST: decreases
- CBT: decreases
- SR: increases
- SV: increases
In the cold, we need to generate heat in order to: - Answer-slow down the dissipation of
heat
We __________ in order to keep warm blood as close to the core as possible - Answer-
vasoconstrict
- this can lead to nerve damage and tissue dysfunction
How does water affect heat balance in the cold? - Answer-Only affects Convection: 30x
faster convection rates in the water compared to the air
- our microenvironment is constantly being swept away and replaced
- even warmer water decreases our core body temperature more than colder air does
(10 C water makes us colder than 0 C air)
