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Summary Sociology 314 notes

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This summary looks at three key topics; Khaldun and pre-modern society, Adam Smith - the wealth of nations and Karl Marx - Marxist concepts. These notes will help understand the different topics and allows comprehensive studying for your exam.

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March 12, 2025
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Sociology 314


1.
Khaldum and !e-
modрn society




*
&

*

, Khaldum and !e-modрn society
1. In#oduction to khaldun + context
1.1.Ibn Khaldun
Tunis 1332AD Arab Muslim + turbulent.
-

Born in ,
Al Andalus ,
>
-
+ ruled area : violent



1375 -
-
AD : Retreats to Sahara wrote
why muslim world descended into decline .




1.2. R$e of the caliphate
-

Islamic form of government under Caliph's Control (711-1351 Ap


Shared of Jews .
-

cultures muslims Christians +
,




1.3. What's happening in E%ope (13 - 1400s)
-


Rise of Christian culture = Famines and plague : Black death (1347-1351)


European >
-



sociology Social cohesion What holds society together .
-
:




-
> Societies increasingly fragmented .




1.4. The object of Khaldun's w&k
What are the effects of various forms of social organization on :




- -

Causes of decline in Muslim Societies wealth of society .




Political
-


and Social ethics .




2. The Muqaddimah: An in#o to h$t&y
Systematic reflection on history's patterns and the sources of its movements .



Khaldun advances a
Stagist understanding of history , implies progress .


2.1. The beginning
(a) Building on the ancienʦ * “Man $ political by nat%e”
-

Builds on Aristotle's political theory , people need civilisation.



"
1

Ancients refers
-


assumed common ties of religion ,
to work as science .




(b) Matрial$t + religio( oncology
-Civilisation explained by "god created and fashioned man", in a form that




can live and sustain only with the help of food .


-Gave everything its natural characteristics and then guided .
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