6/4/14
Chapter 11
Properties of Solutions
Topics
11.1 Solution Composition
11.2 The Energies of Solution Formation
11.3 Factors Affecting Solubility
11.4 The Vapor Pressures of Solutions
11.5 Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression
11.6 Osmotic Pressure
11.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions
2
1
, 6/4/14
11.1
Various Types of Solutions
solution homogeneousmixture
State of
Itcanbethingsinthesames
Example Solution State of Solute State of Solvent agazes
Air, natural gas Gas Gas Gas Itcanbethingsindifferentst
Vodka, antifreeze Liquid Liquid Liquid
ingazi nliquids
Attheend solution
Brass Solid Solid Solid Homo gene
Carbonated water (soda) Liquid Gas Liquid
Seawater, sugar solution Liquid Solid Liquid
Hydrogen in platinum Solid Gas Solid
makesuretobe Copyright ©
abletoprovideexamples Cengage
fortestsexam
3
Learning. All
rights reserved
11.1
Solution Composition
Expressions
Which expressions do you remember?
Triage
Copyright ©
Cengage
4
Learning. All
rights reserved
2
, 6/4/14
11.1 used
mostly
innearnscience
likeinmedicine
Normality
To find number of equivalents (look at the number of
significant ions being reacted with in 1mole of the
compound of interest):
Example: in the Acid H2SO4 there are 2H+ ions
available to react with a base there for in every mole of
H2SO4 you have 2eq
number of equivalents equivalents equiv
Normality = N = = =
1 liter of solution liter L
what
youareinterestedin egizmitzso
egyoumhave
ust
give toapatient
potassium
you eso
will
Normality express theconcentration Copyright ©
Cengage
of it'swhat
ktintnesolutionsince 5
Learning. All
aboutwe aboutso rights reserved
wecare don'tcare
11.1 Inthiscasewemustassumethe
what's
volumedependson given
Practice molarity
molality
in c
1kg
massi too
moletrac
Imo
You have a battery that contains a 3.50M Phosphoric
Acid solution with a density of 1.310g/ml. Calculate
the mass percent, molality, mole fraction, and
Normality of the phosphoric acid.
aassumenotsolution ns.somaesitspo totaimaessaution
anormalitys.soma.gg wat
n somas
MD
s.s s.masspercent mo.es o s
ssomaes
Iaarmass massQooomsoution so noo
more im solution
amass wingivegramot
n www
some
solution
amorality grams gramssoiuteaofsowent_s
5 oaatso
Blogsus argot
tnenconverttors.o.a.n
solvent
3
Chapter 11
Properties of Solutions
Topics
11.1 Solution Composition
11.2 The Energies of Solution Formation
11.3 Factors Affecting Solubility
11.4 The Vapor Pressures of Solutions
11.5 Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression
11.6 Osmotic Pressure
11.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions
2
1
, 6/4/14
11.1
Various Types of Solutions
solution homogeneousmixture
State of
Itcanbethingsinthesames
Example Solution State of Solute State of Solvent agazes
Air, natural gas Gas Gas Gas Itcanbethingsindifferentst
Vodka, antifreeze Liquid Liquid Liquid
ingazi nliquids
Attheend solution
Brass Solid Solid Solid Homo gene
Carbonated water (soda) Liquid Gas Liquid
Seawater, sugar solution Liquid Solid Liquid
Hydrogen in platinum Solid Gas Solid
makesuretobe Copyright ©
abletoprovideexamples Cengage
fortestsexam
3
Learning. All
rights reserved
11.1
Solution Composition
Expressions
Which expressions do you remember?
Triage
Copyright ©
Cengage
4
Learning. All
rights reserved
2
, 6/4/14
11.1 used
mostly
innearnscience
likeinmedicine
Normality
To find number of equivalents (look at the number of
significant ions being reacted with in 1mole of the
compound of interest):
Example: in the Acid H2SO4 there are 2H+ ions
available to react with a base there for in every mole of
H2SO4 you have 2eq
number of equivalents equivalents equiv
Normality = N = = =
1 liter of solution liter L
what
youareinterestedin egizmitzso
egyoumhave
ust
give toapatient
potassium
you eso
will
Normality express theconcentration Copyright ©
Cengage
of it'swhat
ktintnesolutionsince 5
Learning. All
aboutwe aboutso rights reserved
wecare don'tcare
11.1 Inthiscasewemustassumethe
what's
volumedependson given
Practice molarity
molality
in c
1kg
massi too
moletrac
Imo
You have a battery that contains a 3.50M Phosphoric
Acid solution with a density of 1.310g/ml. Calculate
the mass percent, molality, mole fraction, and
Normality of the phosphoric acid.
aassumenotsolution ns.somaesitspo totaimaessaution
anormalitys.soma.gg wat
n somas
MD
s.s s.masspercent mo.es o s
ssomaes
Iaarmass massQooomsoution so noo
more im solution
amass wingivegramot
n www
some
solution
amorality grams gramssoiuteaofsowent_s
5 oaatso
Blogsus argot
tnenconverttors.o.a.n
solvent
3
