Test Bank for Prescott-s Microbiology 15th Edition By Joanne Willey Chapter 1-43 Complete Guide A+.pdf

Test Bank For Prescott's Microbiology, 12th E
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dition By Joanne Willey b b b




Cellular Microbes - ANSWER> -b b b b



smaller than 1mm in diameter b b b b



-often unicellular b



- if multicellular, lack differentiated tissues
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pathogenicity - ANSWER> the method of causing disease b b b b b b b




Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWER> - b b b b



have an open floor plan, contents are not divided into com
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partments by membranes b b



-don't have membrane-b b



delimited nucleus as in eukaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER> -have a nucleus
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-have membrane- b



bound organelles that separate some cellular materials an
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d processes from others
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Bacteria - ANSWER> -usually single-
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celled organisms with peptidoglycan
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-
break down dead plant and animal material, in doing so, cyc
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le elements into biosphere
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Microbiome - ANSWER> -the bacteria living in humans b b b b b b b

,Archaea - b



ANSWER> distinguished from bacteria by several features:
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-distinctive rRNA sequences b b



-lack of peptidoglycan in cell wall
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-unique membrane lipids b b



some have unusual characteristics, like methanogens
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thermophiles - ANSWER> - b b b



archaea living in extremely high temperatures
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extreme halophiles - ANSWER> - b b b b



archaea living in extremely high salt concentrations
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Eukarya - ANSWER> - b b b



microorganisms classified as protists or fungi, animals and b b b b b b b b



plants are also placed in this domain
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Proteins - ANSWER> - b b b



have to major roles in modern cells: structural and catalytic
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-
catalytic proteins are called enzymes, they speed up the ch
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emical reactions within cells
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DNA and RNA - ANSWER> -
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DNA stores herditary information and can be replicated to
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pass information onto the next generation
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,-
RNA is involved in converting the information stored in DN
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A into protein
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-Catalytic RNA molecules are called ribozymes
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3 Eukaryotic Organelles (endosymbiotic hypothesis) -
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ANSWER> -mitochondria
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-chloroplasts
-hydrogenosomes

Endosymbiosis - ANSWER> - b b b



an interaction between two organisms in which one organi
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sm lives inside the other
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Medical Microbiology - ANSWER> -b b b b



deals with diseases of humans and animals
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-study the way microorganisms cause disease
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Public Health Microbiology - ANSWER> -
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concerned with the control and spread of epidemics
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Immunology - ANSWER> - b b b



deals with the nature and treatment of allergies and autoi
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mmune diseases (i.e. arthritis) b b b




Microbial Ecology - ANSWER> - b b b b



involves researchers who are employing microorganisms i
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n bioremediation to reduce pollution
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, Agriculutural Microbiology - ANSWER> - b b b b



a field related to both meical microbiology and microbial ec
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ology

Industrial Microbiologists - ANSWER> - b b b b



use microorganisms to make products such as vaccines, ste
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roids, alcohols and other solvents, vitamins, amino acids, a
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nd enzymes
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algae - ANSWER> - b b b



photosynthetic protists, produce about 75% of the planet' b b b b b b b



s oxygen, foundation of aquatic food chains, can produce t
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oxins (can enter filter feeders and thus humans)
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algal blooms - ANSWER> -
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high concentrations of algae in a certain season, current pr
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oblem in the west b b b




protozoa - ANSWER> -unicellular, animal- b b b b



like protists, usually motile, many function as the principal
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hunters and grazers of the microbial world (ingest organic
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matter and other microbes), few cause disease (parasitic)
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slime molds - ANSWER> - b b b b



protists that behave like protozoa in one stage of their life c
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ycle but like fungi in another stage (protozoa phase-
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hunt for and engulf food
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