Forensic Photography Exam 1 || with Authenticated
Answers.
Primary subject correct answers single object; close up photograph of evidence; small area of
crime scene; midrange photo showing relative distance between an evidence item and fixed
object; is evidence, fixed object and distance between them
Primary subject with large area correct answers multiple items; overall photo to show crime
scene in relation to area immediately around it; helps acclimate others to general surroundings of
the scene; select few objects to help the viewer understand relationships
Composition correct answers intentional choosing of image elements; deliberate, purposeful
composition is necessary for all crime scenes
Four composition issues correct answers 1. determine primary subject and composition that best
captures it
2. determine proper exposure
3. select optimal focusing technique
4. determine optimal lighting to use
Cardinal rule 1 correct answers fill the frame
cardinal rule 2 correct answers maximize depth of field
cardinal rule 3 correct answers keep the film plane parallel
fill the frame correct answers same for single item or area of scene; put as many of sensor's
digital pixels as possible over primary subject; get closer to eliminate unwanted areas
midrange photos correct answers don't include too much space; focus in as much as possible
large areas correct answers show the distance between the gun and fixed object in scene
object sizes correct answers if primary subject is longer than it is wide, use appropriate
horizontal or vertical viewpoint; if longer from near to far, use vertical; don't get so close that
edges of primary subject are cut off in print
in the background correct answers its assumed that if its included, you wanted it there; circle
around primary subject until background has fewer or no distracting elements; tilt camera down
more
in the foreground correct answers its assumed that if its included, you wanted it there; circle
around primary subject until background has fewer or no distracting elements; tilt camera up
more
, areas left to right correct answers it is assumed that if it's included, it's because you wanted it
there; Use the same considerations as for the background & foreground; if you want it, include it.
If not, eliminate it somehow; Fill the frame with the subject
shadow control: sunlight correct answers avoid having shadows; if its impossible, and scene and
object allow, reposition so your shadow completely covers photographed areas; try to have entire
scene shadow-free or completely covered in shadow
shadow control: electronic flash correct answers Hold yourself responsible for this shadow, even
if you couldn't see it when the photograph was taken; You should begin to "pre visualize" your
flash shadows; Change the position of the flash head to minimize or control shadows; Use a
detachable flash head to better control where the shadows are
hard shadows correct answers very dark shadows that hide detail beneath it; sometimes it doesn't
matter when it falls outside of evidence nothing is covered; sometimes it does matter when it
falls within evidence (shoe or tire print)
Soft shadows correct answers use bound card/reflector to add light to shadow area, creating this;
allows you to see detail within shadow
lens flare correct answers sunlight directly enters the lens and creates images on the lens' optical
elements & aperture opening; colorful circles that distract the viewer; may or may not be
visualized through the viewfinder; if possible avoid taking photographs with sun in front of you;
objects that are important tend to be backlit and underexposed
lens hood correct answers extends from front of lens and prevents light from directly entering;
can also use your hand to block out some of the sun
macro lenses correct answers take photographs with lens close to object than with other lenses;
make small objects much larger; decreases focal distance as compared to other lens; crop and
enlarge objects with better clarity; puts more pixels over evidence, increasing resolution
pixel importance correct answers more pixels on image means better resolution when enlarged
maximize depth of field correct answers DOF is variable range of what appears in focus;
includes both foreground and background; try to have everything in focus
Reciprocal exposure correct answers for DOF; uses smallest aperture; combination of shutter
speed and aperture; various combinations of f/stops and shutter speed result in same exposure;
You must change both to keep the exposure; If you increase (let more light in) one variable by 1
stop, decrease (let less light in) the other by 1 stop; With a smaller aperture, you will need a
longer shutter speed to get the same amount of light
hyperfocal focus correct answers when background is infinity; uses DOF scab with camera's
distance scale
Answers.
Primary subject correct answers single object; close up photograph of evidence; small area of
crime scene; midrange photo showing relative distance between an evidence item and fixed
object; is evidence, fixed object and distance between them
Primary subject with large area correct answers multiple items; overall photo to show crime
scene in relation to area immediately around it; helps acclimate others to general surroundings of
the scene; select few objects to help the viewer understand relationships
Composition correct answers intentional choosing of image elements; deliberate, purposeful
composition is necessary for all crime scenes
Four composition issues correct answers 1. determine primary subject and composition that best
captures it
2. determine proper exposure
3. select optimal focusing technique
4. determine optimal lighting to use
Cardinal rule 1 correct answers fill the frame
cardinal rule 2 correct answers maximize depth of field
cardinal rule 3 correct answers keep the film plane parallel
fill the frame correct answers same for single item or area of scene; put as many of sensor's
digital pixels as possible over primary subject; get closer to eliminate unwanted areas
midrange photos correct answers don't include too much space; focus in as much as possible
large areas correct answers show the distance between the gun and fixed object in scene
object sizes correct answers if primary subject is longer than it is wide, use appropriate
horizontal or vertical viewpoint; if longer from near to far, use vertical; don't get so close that
edges of primary subject are cut off in print
in the background correct answers its assumed that if its included, you wanted it there; circle
around primary subject until background has fewer or no distracting elements; tilt camera down
more
in the foreground correct answers its assumed that if its included, you wanted it there; circle
around primary subject until background has fewer or no distracting elements; tilt camera up
more
, areas left to right correct answers it is assumed that if it's included, it's because you wanted it
there; Use the same considerations as for the background & foreground; if you want it, include it.
If not, eliminate it somehow; Fill the frame with the subject
shadow control: sunlight correct answers avoid having shadows; if its impossible, and scene and
object allow, reposition so your shadow completely covers photographed areas; try to have entire
scene shadow-free or completely covered in shadow
shadow control: electronic flash correct answers Hold yourself responsible for this shadow, even
if you couldn't see it when the photograph was taken; You should begin to "pre visualize" your
flash shadows; Change the position of the flash head to minimize or control shadows; Use a
detachable flash head to better control where the shadows are
hard shadows correct answers very dark shadows that hide detail beneath it; sometimes it doesn't
matter when it falls outside of evidence nothing is covered; sometimes it does matter when it
falls within evidence (shoe or tire print)
Soft shadows correct answers use bound card/reflector to add light to shadow area, creating this;
allows you to see detail within shadow
lens flare correct answers sunlight directly enters the lens and creates images on the lens' optical
elements & aperture opening; colorful circles that distract the viewer; may or may not be
visualized through the viewfinder; if possible avoid taking photographs with sun in front of you;
objects that are important tend to be backlit and underexposed
lens hood correct answers extends from front of lens and prevents light from directly entering;
can also use your hand to block out some of the sun
macro lenses correct answers take photographs with lens close to object than with other lenses;
make small objects much larger; decreases focal distance as compared to other lens; crop and
enlarge objects with better clarity; puts more pixels over evidence, increasing resolution
pixel importance correct answers more pixels on image means better resolution when enlarged
maximize depth of field correct answers DOF is variable range of what appears in focus;
includes both foreground and background; try to have everything in focus
Reciprocal exposure correct answers for DOF; uses smallest aperture; combination of shutter
speed and aperture; various combinations of f/stops and shutter speed result in same exposure;
You must change both to keep the exposure; If you increase (let more light in) one variable by 1
stop, decrease (let less light in) the other by 1 stop; With a smaller aperture, you will need a
longer shutter speed to get the same amount of light
hyperfocal focus correct answers when background is infinity; uses DOF scab with camera's
distance scale
