CJ 380 Exam 1 Questions And Already
Passed Answers.
courtroom workgroup - Answer the officials- judge, prosecutor, defense attorney, and
courtroom support staff- who work together day after day to process the criminal and civil cases
that come before court
exclusionary rule - Answer judicially created remedy for violations of Fourth Amendment,
providing that any evidence obtained by government in violation of the Fourth Amendment
guarantee against unreasonable searches and seizures is not admissible in criminal trial to prove
guilt
Jurisdiction - Answer denotes the legal authority or power of a court to hear a case and render
a decision
personal jurisdiction - Answer authority of court over person/ defendant
limited jurisdiction - Answer the court is limited to hearing only particular type of cases, such
as traffic court, juvenile court or probate court
general jurisdiction - Answer a court has authority to hear variety of cases, not limited to one
type of case
geographic jurisdiction - Answer authority of court to hear cases that arise within specified
geographical boundaries (city, county state, country)
AKA VENUE
hierarchical jurisdiction - Answer division of duties and roles among various courts within
single jurisdiction
original jurisdiction - Answer power of court to hear the case initially and where the trial takes
place
,Magistrate Judges - Answer lower level judges who conduct preliminary proceedings in cases
for the district court and issue warrants
diversity citizenship - Answer situation where the opposing parties are from different states
en banc - Answer appeals court justices will sit as group, consisting of every judge on court, to
clear up any conflicting decisions
rule of four - Answer takes 4 out of 9 Supreme Court judges to vote to review an appeal
trial de novo - Answer an appeal for a new trial in the court of original jurisdiction, requested
by the losing party of case
bench trial - Answer trial overseen by judge alone, without jury
appointment - Answer oldest method of selecting judges by the chief executive of the
jurisdiction. All 13 colonies used it and is used in federal system and 20 states
impeachment - Answer formal process for removing judges. At federal level, it involves
impeachment (or accusation) of a federal judge in the House of Representatives and trial in the
U.S. Senate. Most states also provide for impeachment of state court judges
election - Answer most commonly used form of judicial selection. Vast majority of state court
judges are elected. Elections can be partisan or nonpartisan
merit system (Missouri Plan) - Answer hybrid method of judicial selection that combines
appointment and election. A judicial combination commission, which is usually composed of
laypersons, lawyers, and judges, screens potential candidates and nominates several people
(typically 3). The governor then appoints one fo the people. After initial term and at designated
times thereafter, the appointee runs in a retention election in which voters are asked whether
judge should be retained or not.
prosecutors - Answer attorney responsible for prosecuting cases on behalf of state
, Public defenders - Answer hired by state to work for defendants who cannot afford to hire
own lawyer
defense attorneys - Answer attorney who represent defendant in case as effectively as
possible while acting within the rules of court
pro se - Answer when defendant represents himself in trial
ecclesiastical (church) courts - Answer courts found in many parts of Europe during Middle
Ages; exercised jurisdiction over both religious and secular matters and dealt with matters of
"canon law," or the religious laws put forth by the dominant church, most notable the Roman
Catholic Church
jury pool (venire) - Answer list of names form which actual jurors will be chosen (AKA VENIRE)
jury panel - Answer individuals selected from jury pool for particular case
voir dire - Answer French for "to see to speak." The process of questioning a potential juror to
determine whether the juror is unbiased and can decide the case fairly and impartially
challenges for cause - Answer during jury selection, the method used by prosecutor or defense
to remove impartial prospective jurors from jury pool. Jurors can be removed for example, if
there is evidence that they are biased against one side or other, or if they have made up their
minds about defendant's guilt or innocence prior to hearing evidence in the case
peremptory challenges - Answer during jury selection process, the prosecutor and defense
attorney each have limited number of peremptory challenges, which they can use to excuse
prospective jurors from jury pool without reasoning
complaint - Answer legal document in which is made an accusation that a specific person
committed a specified criminal act
arrest - Answer occurs when a reasonable person would conclude that the police in some way
had restrained his or her liberty so that the person was not free to leave
Passed Answers.
courtroom workgroup - Answer the officials- judge, prosecutor, defense attorney, and
courtroom support staff- who work together day after day to process the criminal and civil cases
that come before court
exclusionary rule - Answer judicially created remedy for violations of Fourth Amendment,
providing that any evidence obtained by government in violation of the Fourth Amendment
guarantee against unreasonable searches and seizures is not admissible in criminal trial to prove
guilt
Jurisdiction - Answer denotes the legal authority or power of a court to hear a case and render
a decision
personal jurisdiction - Answer authority of court over person/ defendant
limited jurisdiction - Answer the court is limited to hearing only particular type of cases, such
as traffic court, juvenile court or probate court
general jurisdiction - Answer a court has authority to hear variety of cases, not limited to one
type of case
geographic jurisdiction - Answer authority of court to hear cases that arise within specified
geographical boundaries (city, county state, country)
AKA VENUE
hierarchical jurisdiction - Answer division of duties and roles among various courts within
single jurisdiction
original jurisdiction - Answer power of court to hear the case initially and where the trial takes
place
,Magistrate Judges - Answer lower level judges who conduct preliminary proceedings in cases
for the district court and issue warrants
diversity citizenship - Answer situation where the opposing parties are from different states
en banc - Answer appeals court justices will sit as group, consisting of every judge on court, to
clear up any conflicting decisions
rule of four - Answer takes 4 out of 9 Supreme Court judges to vote to review an appeal
trial de novo - Answer an appeal for a new trial in the court of original jurisdiction, requested
by the losing party of case
bench trial - Answer trial overseen by judge alone, without jury
appointment - Answer oldest method of selecting judges by the chief executive of the
jurisdiction. All 13 colonies used it and is used in federal system and 20 states
impeachment - Answer formal process for removing judges. At federal level, it involves
impeachment (or accusation) of a federal judge in the House of Representatives and trial in the
U.S. Senate. Most states also provide for impeachment of state court judges
election - Answer most commonly used form of judicial selection. Vast majority of state court
judges are elected. Elections can be partisan or nonpartisan
merit system (Missouri Plan) - Answer hybrid method of judicial selection that combines
appointment and election. A judicial combination commission, which is usually composed of
laypersons, lawyers, and judges, screens potential candidates and nominates several people
(typically 3). The governor then appoints one fo the people. After initial term and at designated
times thereafter, the appointee runs in a retention election in which voters are asked whether
judge should be retained or not.
prosecutors - Answer attorney responsible for prosecuting cases on behalf of state
, Public defenders - Answer hired by state to work for defendants who cannot afford to hire
own lawyer
defense attorneys - Answer attorney who represent defendant in case as effectively as
possible while acting within the rules of court
pro se - Answer when defendant represents himself in trial
ecclesiastical (church) courts - Answer courts found in many parts of Europe during Middle
Ages; exercised jurisdiction over both religious and secular matters and dealt with matters of
"canon law," or the religious laws put forth by the dominant church, most notable the Roman
Catholic Church
jury pool (venire) - Answer list of names form which actual jurors will be chosen (AKA VENIRE)
jury panel - Answer individuals selected from jury pool for particular case
voir dire - Answer French for "to see to speak." The process of questioning a potential juror to
determine whether the juror is unbiased and can decide the case fairly and impartially
challenges for cause - Answer during jury selection, the method used by prosecutor or defense
to remove impartial prospective jurors from jury pool. Jurors can be removed for example, if
there is evidence that they are biased against one side or other, or if they have made up their
minds about defendant's guilt or innocence prior to hearing evidence in the case
peremptory challenges - Answer during jury selection process, the prosecutor and defense
attorney each have limited number of peremptory challenges, which they can use to excuse
prospective jurors from jury pool without reasoning
complaint - Answer legal document in which is made an accusation that a specific person
committed a specified criminal act
arrest - Answer occurs when a reasonable person would conclude that the police in some way
had restrained his or her liberty so that the person was not free to leave
