RST 230 UIUC EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Core and secondary dimensions of diversity - Answers :Core: traits you are born with
that are impossible or very difficult to change. These include mental/physical ability,
sexual identify, age, gender, race/ethnicity, first language.
Secondary: Social class, education, work style, communication style, organizational role
and level, geographic location, work experience, religion.
Needs and barriers experienced by multicultural customers - Answers :Consumer
racism (receiving substandard service in establishments because of their race or
ethnicity), employees who are not at ease, impatient/are frustrated with multicultural
customers.
Products and Policies that have not been developed with multicultural customers in
mind. Example, a shoe company that only markets towards Americans and has
American sizes.
Inclusion - Answers :cultural characteristic whereby that culture is characterized by
attitudes and behaviors that are open and accepting of all people. Used to capture a
sense of belonging, value, and respect. One of the reasons people become defensive
and angry when talking about inclusion and diversity issues is because they feel
blamed.
Antecedent of beliefs - Answers :Conditions that set the stage for beliefs to develop.
Could be influences like parents, media, siblings, neighbors, teachers, clergy,
government, books, etc.
Beliefs - Answers :Involve what people perceive to be true
Attitudes - Answers :A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or
unfavorable manner with respect to a given object (Fishbein, Ajzen, 1975) OR the
enduring positive or negative feelings about some person, object, or issue (Petty,
Cacioppo, 1981). There is very little correlation between attitudes and behaviors.
Behaviors - Answers :Any observable or measurable act, response, or movement by an
individual (Datillo and Murphy, 1987).
Sterotypes - Answers :A standardized mental picture held in common by members of a
group that represents an oversimplified opinion, attitude, or judgement (Datillo, 1990).
Prejudice - Answers :A negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any
person perceived to be a member of that group (Ashmore, 1976). A preconceived
opinion or attitude which is formed without due consideration of the facts. It is not based
on scientific proof or rational thought process (Yu, 1987).
Discrimination - Answers :The translation into consequential behavior of prejudicial
beliefs (Tumin, 1973). Discrimination occurs when the object of prejudice is placed at
, some disadvantage not merited by his own misconduct. Actions or practices carried out
by members of the dominant racial or ethnic groups that have a differential and negative
impact on members of a subordinate racial or ethnic groups.
Theories of discrimination - Answers :Two classes of explanations for discrimination:
1. Prejudice -> Discrimination
2. Discrimination without prejudice
displacement/scapegoat theory - Answers :Take out their bad day on someone else if
they can't express it
authoritarian personality theory - Answers :people who see things in black and white
categorization and stereotyping theory - Answers :Categorization is a process in which
an individual is identified as a member of an outgroup and treated as if the
characteristics of the outgroup applied to him personally. Categorization often leads to
stereotyping which can be a direct cause of prejudice acquisition
socialization and conformity theory - Answers :no one is born racist, pick up on what's
shown around them by parents, friends, siblings, family members, teachers, etc
perceived racial threat (self interest) theory - Answers :no real threat, just
perceived/hypothetical because they're afraid of losing their way of life
contact theory - Answers :people develop prejudices against those whom they don't
know because they have never had equal status so friendship contact with them
value systems/cultural norms and ideologies theory - Answers :systemic racism
essentially
realistic conflict theory - Answers :not just a hypothetical threat, fighting over scarcity of
resources with another group, a black guy a Hispanic guy and a white guy all apply for
the job and when one of them gets it the other two say he got the job because of his
race
segregation - Answers :Separation or isolation of a group or an individual in a restricted
area by discriminatory means. Segregation results in members of the group, or an
individual, receiving treatment that is different from other people.
stigma - Answers :undesired differentness which separates the person from others in a
society. EX: mental illness, stutter, acne, weight
deviancy - Answers :A person is considered deviant if they are perceived to be
significantly different from others in some important characteristic and if this difference
is negatively valued. Defined by cultural norms. EX: child marriage, female genital
circumcision
Core and secondary dimensions of diversity - Answers :Core: traits you are born with
that are impossible or very difficult to change. These include mental/physical ability,
sexual identify, age, gender, race/ethnicity, first language.
Secondary: Social class, education, work style, communication style, organizational role
and level, geographic location, work experience, religion.
Needs and barriers experienced by multicultural customers - Answers :Consumer
racism (receiving substandard service in establishments because of their race or
ethnicity), employees who are not at ease, impatient/are frustrated with multicultural
customers.
Products and Policies that have not been developed with multicultural customers in
mind. Example, a shoe company that only markets towards Americans and has
American sizes.
Inclusion - Answers :cultural characteristic whereby that culture is characterized by
attitudes and behaviors that are open and accepting of all people. Used to capture a
sense of belonging, value, and respect. One of the reasons people become defensive
and angry when talking about inclusion and diversity issues is because they feel
blamed.
Antecedent of beliefs - Answers :Conditions that set the stage for beliefs to develop.
Could be influences like parents, media, siblings, neighbors, teachers, clergy,
government, books, etc.
Beliefs - Answers :Involve what people perceive to be true
Attitudes - Answers :A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or
unfavorable manner with respect to a given object (Fishbein, Ajzen, 1975) OR the
enduring positive or negative feelings about some person, object, or issue (Petty,
Cacioppo, 1981). There is very little correlation between attitudes and behaviors.
Behaviors - Answers :Any observable or measurable act, response, or movement by an
individual (Datillo and Murphy, 1987).
Sterotypes - Answers :A standardized mental picture held in common by members of a
group that represents an oversimplified opinion, attitude, or judgement (Datillo, 1990).
Prejudice - Answers :A negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any
person perceived to be a member of that group (Ashmore, 1976). A preconceived
opinion or attitude which is formed without due consideration of the facts. It is not based
on scientific proof or rational thought process (Yu, 1987).
Discrimination - Answers :The translation into consequential behavior of prejudicial
beliefs (Tumin, 1973). Discrimination occurs when the object of prejudice is placed at
, some disadvantage not merited by his own misconduct. Actions or practices carried out
by members of the dominant racial or ethnic groups that have a differential and negative
impact on members of a subordinate racial or ethnic groups.
Theories of discrimination - Answers :Two classes of explanations for discrimination:
1. Prejudice -> Discrimination
2. Discrimination without prejudice
displacement/scapegoat theory - Answers :Take out their bad day on someone else if
they can't express it
authoritarian personality theory - Answers :people who see things in black and white
categorization and stereotyping theory - Answers :Categorization is a process in which
an individual is identified as a member of an outgroup and treated as if the
characteristics of the outgroup applied to him personally. Categorization often leads to
stereotyping which can be a direct cause of prejudice acquisition
socialization and conformity theory - Answers :no one is born racist, pick up on what's
shown around them by parents, friends, siblings, family members, teachers, etc
perceived racial threat (self interest) theory - Answers :no real threat, just
perceived/hypothetical because they're afraid of losing their way of life
contact theory - Answers :people develop prejudices against those whom they don't
know because they have never had equal status so friendship contact with them
value systems/cultural norms and ideologies theory - Answers :systemic racism
essentially
realistic conflict theory - Answers :not just a hypothetical threat, fighting over scarcity of
resources with another group, a black guy a Hispanic guy and a white guy all apply for
the job and when one of them gets it the other two say he got the job because of his
race
segregation - Answers :Separation or isolation of a group or an individual in a restricted
area by discriminatory means. Segregation results in members of the group, or an
individual, receiving treatment that is different from other people.
stigma - Answers :undesired differentness which separates the person from others in a
society. EX: mental illness, stutter, acne, weight
deviancy - Answers :A person is considered deviant if they are perceived to be
significantly different from others in some important characteristic and if this difference
is negatively valued. Defined by cultural norms. EX: child marriage, female genital
circumcision
