NUR 2633 Study Guide (Exam 1, 2, 3, Final)
EXAM 1
Piaget - what theorist believes schoolage children are in the concrete operations stage?
age 12 - children's brains stop growing at _____.
school age - ______ children are more engrossed in fact than fantasy.
Erikson - what theorist believes schoolage children are in industry vs inferiority.
develop breast tissue - during puberty girls begin to ______________, girls also enter
puberty before boys.
Sperm - during puberty boys begin to produce ____, because of hormonal changes.
formal operations - The middle adolescent reaches ___________ stage according to
Piaget.
Rectal, axillary, oral, temporal & tympanic - methods of taking a temperature in an infant
is ____.
Apical pulse - a(an) _______ is the best option for an infant pulse reading.
PUC - what is the best method to collect a urine sample from an infant?
every hour - how often should you check an IV site on an infant?
IV pump - when running an IV on an infant, they should always be ran on an ____.
FLACC - what is the scale used to assess pain which incorporates the use of face, legs,
activity, cry, consolability
face scale - what is the most common pain scale used with children.
5 Major stressors - Separation anxiety, Bodily injury/pain, Loss of control, Unknown &
Unfamiliar events and environment, Unclear limits regarding expectation are all
examples of the ______.
Distractions - ____ are great to help children who are experiencing pain.
non pharmacological - repositioning, music, drawing, toys, or distractions are examples
of ___________.
,liver - we have to be careful when administrating acetaminophen to children as it can
damage the ___.
protest - during the ____ stage of separation anxiety (unless seriously ill) the children
feel abandoned and cry out , it is pitiful & continues until they fall asleep or their mom
returns
Dispair - during the ____ stage of separation anxiety the children look sad, don't look at
you, lonely, refuse to eat & clutch to their favorite toy or blanket, don't move around
much
Denial - during the ____ stage of separation anxiety the children act disinterested in
parents visits, act like they've settled in but only an act to prevent further emotional pain
denver 2 - An assessment that is used to assess development in children ages 1 month
-6 years for gross motor, language, & social skills.
sensorimotor - Piaget's stage in which the child explores the world through interaction of
his mouth and hands with the environment this is stage I and covers birth-2 yrs.
preoperational - Piaget's second stage of cognitive development (lasting from about age
2 to age 6 or 7), during which the child begins to represent the world symbolically
concrete operations - Piaget's stage in which children learn such concepts as
conservation and mathematical transformations; about 7 - 11 years of age
formal operations - Piaget's last stage of cognitive development in which the adolescent
becomes capable of abstract thinking covering 12-16 yrs old.
6 months old - at what age can infants start to eat solid foods?
stridor - high-pitched sound heard on inspiration; upper-airway sound indicating partial
obstruction of the trachea or larynx
epiglottitis - severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglotticstuructures
that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age. (croup)
subglottic croup - Nonspecific term applied to respiratory conditions that have a brassy
cough with inspiratory stridor
steam (from hot shower or bath) - what is the best tx for Croup
Haemophilusinfluenzae - ___________ is the most common cause of epiglottitis.
epiglottitis - when a pt has ____ NEVER examine the pharynx.
,RSV - Name the most common cause of hospitalization in children younger than 1 year
of age
nasal pharyngeal wash - dx of RSV is normally done by ___.
hand washing - what is the most important teaching for the parents of a pt with RSV is
____.
Asthma - Most common chronic illness in childhood is ____.
Mild - _____ asthma does not interfere with ADL, slight increase in resp. effort, slight
wheezing
Moderate - in _______ asthma, episodes occur once a week, increased resp. effort,
wheezing
Severe -occurs frequently, severe RD, retractions
Cystic Fibrosis - Autosomal recessive hereditary disease caused by error in metabolism
congenital disease affecting lungs air passages are clogged with mucus and pancreas.
pancreatic production 2nd to mucus plugging ducts. Respiratory & Gastrointestinal
systems are mostly affected
Pancreatic enzymes - what enzyme is lacking in a pt with Cystic Fibrosis ?
Cystic Fibrosis - the following are all S/S of ______ Newborns may see meconium ileus.
Bulky greasy, foul-smelling stools containing large amounts of fat. Infants eat well but
don't gain weight. Salty taste to skin (sweat chloride test over 60 mEq/L). Poor
absorption of Vit D.
Acyanotic Heart Disease - Left to Right Shunting through an abnormal opening
Obstructive lesions, Majority surgically correctable
Respiratory Failure &/or CHF, Ideally early diagnosis and surgical repair
ventricular septal defect (VSD) - Small defects in lower or muscular portion of septum
(no treatment). loud systolic murmur - nl life expectancy
Large defects in upper or membranous portion of septum
loud systolic murmur, enlarged heart engorgement of pulmonary circuit, thrill Tx.
Pulmonary artery band or surgical closure with intractable heart failure,
atrial septal defect (ASD) - S/S - no cyanosis, pulses normal. 2nd heart sound wide
3rd heart sound left lower sternal border has right ventricular flow murmur. X-ray -
pulmonary artery is prominent, heart enlarged. Repair is by direct closure before 5 yrs. ,
Pulmonary Ductus Arteriousous (PDA) - Most common Cardiac Lesion. Continuous
murmur upper left sternal border-machinery-like sound. X-ray-cardiomegaly.
, Bounding pulses/low diastolic pressure. Tx: Medical-fluid restriction, diuretics,
indomethacin. Surgical ligation
(increased Pulmonary Bld Flow)
Tetralogy of Fallot - VSD, Pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta,and right ventricular
hypertrophy. S/S include X-ray. Surgical repair done after age 3 if possible. (decreased
Pulmonary Blood Flow)
Coarctation of the Aorta - backing up into the L side of the heart. narrowing of the
descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of
the body
tet spells - episodes of bluish skin from crying or feeding called
Carditis - Inflammation of the heart - manifestation of rheumatic fever that can be fatal
RRheumatic fever - a severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful
inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves
Kawasaki disease - an acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and
swollen lymph nodes and fever. Leading cause of cardiovascular disease in America,
because it weakens BV walls, which can lead to aneurysms.
Kawasaki disease - Dx: by symptoms: Abrupt onset and sustaining temp 1040 F
Inflamed mouth, strawberry tongue, Enlarged non-tender lymph nodes, Peeling of finger
and toe tips, Conjunctivitis.
Kawasaki disease - tx of ____ includes IV gamma gobulin or ASA.
dehyrdation - diarrhea and vomiting is the #1 reason for _______.
Aceadote, given via IV - what is the anecdote for an accidental od of Tylenol? And how
is it administered.
celiac disease - genetic disorder characterized by an inability to absorb a component of
gluten that causes an immune reaction that damages the lining of the small intestine
Wilms Tumor - malignant neoplasm of the kidney occurring in young children, usually
before age 5 years. the most frequent early signs are hypertension, pain, and
hematuria.
Wilms Tumor - when a pt has __________ you must never palpate the abdomen.
Acute Glomerulonephritis - Occurs 1 to 3 weeks after strep infection
EXAM 1
Piaget - what theorist believes schoolage children are in the concrete operations stage?
age 12 - children's brains stop growing at _____.
school age - ______ children are more engrossed in fact than fantasy.
Erikson - what theorist believes schoolage children are in industry vs inferiority.
develop breast tissue - during puberty girls begin to ______________, girls also enter
puberty before boys.
Sperm - during puberty boys begin to produce ____, because of hormonal changes.
formal operations - The middle adolescent reaches ___________ stage according to
Piaget.
Rectal, axillary, oral, temporal & tympanic - methods of taking a temperature in an infant
is ____.
Apical pulse - a(an) _______ is the best option for an infant pulse reading.
PUC - what is the best method to collect a urine sample from an infant?
every hour - how often should you check an IV site on an infant?
IV pump - when running an IV on an infant, they should always be ran on an ____.
FLACC - what is the scale used to assess pain which incorporates the use of face, legs,
activity, cry, consolability
face scale - what is the most common pain scale used with children.
5 Major stressors - Separation anxiety, Bodily injury/pain, Loss of control, Unknown &
Unfamiliar events and environment, Unclear limits regarding expectation are all
examples of the ______.
Distractions - ____ are great to help children who are experiencing pain.
non pharmacological - repositioning, music, drawing, toys, or distractions are examples
of ___________.
,liver - we have to be careful when administrating acetaminophen to children as it can
damage the ___.
protest - during the ____ stage of separation anxiety (unless seriously ill) the children
feel abandoned and cry out , it is pitiful & continues until they fall asleep or their mom
returns
Dispair - during the ____ stage of separation anxiety the children look sad, don't look at
you, lonely, refuse to eat & clutch to their favorite toy or blanket, don't move around
much
Denial - during the ____ stage of separation anxiety the children act disinterested in
parents visits, act like they've settled in but only an act to prevent further emotional pain
denver 2 - An assessment that is used to assess development in children ages 1 month
-6 years for gross motor, language, & social skills.
sensorimotor - Piaget's stage in which the child explores the world through interaction of
his mouth and hands with the environment this is stage I and covers birth-2 yrs.
preoperational - Piaget's second stage of cognitive development (lasting from about age
2 to age 6 or 7), during which the child begins to represent the world symbolically
concrete operations - Piaget's stage in which children learn such concepts as
conservation and mathematical transformations; about 7 - 11 years of age
formal operations - Piaget's last stage of cognitive development in which the adolescent
becomes capable of abstract thinking covering 12-16 yrs old.
6 months old - at what age can infants start to eat solid foods?
stridor - high-pitched sound heard on inspiration; upper-airway sound indicating partial
obstruction of the trachea or larynx
epiglottitis - severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglotticstuructures
that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age. (croup)
subglottic croup - Nonspecific term applied to respiratory conditions that have a brassy
cough with inspiratory stridor
steam (from hot shower or bath) - what is the best tx for Croup
Haemophilusinfluenzae - ___________ is the most common cause of epiglottitis.
epiglottitis - when a pt has ____ NEVER examine the pharynx.
,RSV - Name the most common cause of hospitalization in children younger than 1 year
of age
nasal pharyngeal wash - dx of RSV is normally done by ___.
hand washing - what is the most important teaching for the parents of a pt with RSV is
____.
Asthma - Most common chronic illness in childhood is ____.
Mild - _____ asthma does not interfere with ADL, slight increase in resp. effort, slight
wheezing
Moderate - in _______ asthma, episodes occur once a week, increased resp. effort,
wheezing
Severe -occurs frequently, severe RD, retractions
Cystic Fibrosis - Autosomal recessive hereditary disease caused by error in metabolism
congenital disease affecting lungs air passages are clogged with mucus and pancreas.
pancreatic production 2nd to mucus plugging ducts. Respiratory & Gastrointestinal
systems are mostly affected
Pancreatic enzymes - what enzyme is lacking in a pt with Cystic Fibrosis ?
Cystic Fibrosis - the following are all S/S of ______ Newborns may see meconium ileus.
Bulky greasy, foul-smelling stools containing large amounts of fat. Infants eat well but
don't gain weight. Salty taste to skin (sweat chloride test over 60 mEq/L). Poor
absorption of Vit D.
Acyanotic Heart Disease - Left to Right Shunting through an abnormal opening
Obstructive lesions, Majority surgically correctable
Respiratory Failure &/or CHF, Ideally early diagnosis and surgical repair
ventricular septal defect (VSD) - Small defects in lower or muscular portion of septum
(no treatment). loud systolic murmur - nl life expectancy
Large defects in upper or membranous portion of septum
loud systolic murmur, enlarged heart engorgement of pulmonary circuit, thrill Tx.
Pulmonary artery band or surgical closure with intractable heart failure,
atrial septal defect (ASD) - S/S - no cyanosis, pulses normal. 2nd heart sound wide
3rd heart sound left lower sternal border has right ventricular flow murmur. X-ray -
pulmonary artery is prominent, heart enlarged. Repair is by direct closure before 5 yrs. ,
Pulmonary Ductus Arteriousous (PDA) - Most common Cardiac Lesion. Continuous
murmur upper left sternal border-machinery-like sound. X-ray-cardiomegaly.
, Bounding pulses/low diastolic pressure. Tx: Medical-fluid restriction, diuretics,
indomethacin. Surgical ligation
(increased Pulmonary Bld Flow)
Tetralogy of Fallot - VSD, Pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta,and right ventricular
hypertrophy. S/S include X-ray. Surgical repair done after age 3 if possible. (decreased
Pulmonary Blood Flow)
Coarctation of the Aorta - backing up into the L side of the heart. narrowing of the
descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of
the body
tet spells - episodes of bluish skin from crying or feeding called
Carditis - Inflammation of the heart - manifestation of rheumatic fever that can be fatal
RRheumatic fever - a severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful
inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves
Kawasaki disease - an acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and
swollen lymph nodes and fever. Leading cause of cardiovascular disease in America,
because it weakens BV walls, which can lead to aneurysms.
Kawasaki disease - Dx: by symptoms: Abrupt onset and sustaining temp 1040 F
Inflamed mouth, strawberry tongue, Enlarged non-tender lymph nodes, Peeling of finger
and toe tips, Conjunctivitis.
Kawasaki disease - tx of ____ includes IV gamma gobulin or ASA.
dehyrdation - diarrhea and vomiting is the #1 reason for _______.
Aceadote, given via IV - what is the anecdote for an accidental od of Tylenol? And how
is it administered.
celiac disease - genetic disorder characterized by an inability to absorb a component of
gluten that causes an immune reaction that damages the lining of the small intestine
Wilms Tumor - malignant neoplasm of the kidney occurring in young children, usually
before age 5 years. the most frequent early signs are hypertension, pain, and
hematuria.
Wilms Tumor - when a pt has __________ you must never palpate the abdomen.
Acute Glomerulonephritis - Occurs 1 to 3 weeks after strep infection
