PHI 2600 Exam 2 | Questions and Answers

PHI 2600 Exam 2 | Questions and Answers According to ethical subjectivists there are no objective moral standards. Identify the premise in the following argument: "All moral statements are meaningless because there are no objective criteria for measuring their truth or falsity." "...there are no objective criteria for measuring their truth or falsity." An opinion is a statement that expresses how a person feels. When asked whether there are universal moral principles, Carlos replied that he didn't know because there was not, as yet, any convincing evidence either way. Carlos is an ethical skeptic. The following argument is sometimes confused with ethical subjectivism: "Whatever a person believes is true for himself or herself is what that person believes is right for him or her." Which fallacy is committed in this argument? begging the question Ethical subjectivist differ from emotivist in that ethical subjectivists believe that moral truths exist. Which of the following responses to the roommate in the opening scenario in the text - who said to the sloppy roommate: "Come on, get up. You promised to clean the bathroom" - best exemplifies ethical subjectivism? "So what? I don't have to keep my promises if I don't feel like it." The roommate rolls over and goes back to sleep. Jean-Jacques Rosseau supported ethical subjectivism because he believed that people are basically good and will do the right thing if not corrupted by society. A person who lacks a moral sense is known as a psychopaths. Mary Wollstonecraft criticized Rosseau's ethical subjectivism on the grounds that moral truths must be the same for both men and women. Identify the fallacy in the following argument: "You shouldn't take Wollstonecraft's criticism of Rosseau too seriously. After all she was abused by her father and no doubt had a grudge against all men." Abusive Which of the following people have advocated the following "law of heart" when making moral decisions? Jean-Jacques Rosseau The Kitty Genovese syndrome is characterized by indifference to others distress Which of the following is a logical consequence of people adopting ethical subjectivism as a moral theory? there is no moral obligation for a sadist to refrain from torturing people. According to Steven Satris, the ethical relativism espoused by many college students is used as a defense mechanism to avoid thinking about moral issues According to Mary Midgely we should make moral judgements. Which of the following approaches to ethics educations based, in part, on the assumptions underlying ethical subjectivism? values clarification "SR (student relativism) is not the same as some such philosophical position because it is simply not a position at all...To have a position (and especially a philosophical position) it is necessary in some sense to engage with questions and issues." Stephen Satris "Nature made man happy and good, and society deprives him and makes him miserable." Jean-Jacques Rousseau "Ethical Subjectivism...is a theory about the nature of moral judgements. It says that no matter what moral judgements we make, we are only expressing our personal feelings, and nothing more." James Rachels According to divine command theory, It was morally acceptable for the terrorists to bomb the World Trade Center on 9/11, if the command to do so came from God. Divine Command theory is a type of Ethical Relativism If a woman sincerely believes that God commands her to kill her children, a Divine Command theorist would most likely respond that She did the right thing by killing her children. If there is no God then, according to Divine Command theory There would be no morality. According to divine command theory, if there is a conflict between what is considered to be a universal moral principle, such as "Thou shalt not kill," and God's command to a particular person or group God's command overrides the universal moral principle If there is a conflict between what two people claim God command them to do We have no means of resolving the conflict. Both Gottfried Leibniz's and John Hick explain the problem of evil and suffering by arguing that The purpose of suffering is the perfection of our souls Those who argue that divine command theory is true because others are unable to prove that particular commands are not from God, are committing the fallacy of Ignorance Emile Durkheim argued in his book The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, that Each society creates God in its own image. According to Bellah, the morality supported by mainstream religion in the United States is primarily based on Cultural Relativism Which of the following is a basic tenet of American Civil Religion? God is actively involved in history and has a special interest in America. Unlike most native American religious traditions, Western concepts of god tend to be Anthropocentric and patriarchal According to philosopher Gottfried Leibniz, This is the best of all possible worlds. On what grounds does philosopher David Hume argue that God does not exist? There is evil and suffering in the world. Which of the following documents has been used to support the belief in American Civil Religion? The Declaration of Independence Civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. Rejected divine command theory.