ANAT 100 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
100% SOLVED ANSWERS
What does it mean when we say antibodies are "highly specific" - Answer-- only
recognize the antigen against which it was developed
- when exposed to new antigens, new antibody has to be created
-once bounded, very hard to strip away; bounded for essentially forever
How do you name an antibody - Answer-antibody names always start with "anti-" then
the name of antigen its binding (ex. anti-A antibody)
What is true about antibodies in plasma - Answer-- antibodies present in plasma
opposite of antigens on RBC
- blood with no antigen A on cells has an anti-A antibody in plasma---> i.e type B, type O
- blood with no antigen B on cells has anti-B antibody in plasma----> i.e. type A, type B
What is another word for the visceral layer of the serous pericardium when talking about
the layers of the heart wall - Answer-epicardium
What is the myocardium - Answer-cardiac muscle, bulk of the heart wall
What is the endocardium - Answer-valves and chamber lining (inner surface)
-helps reduce bld clots bc very smooth, dense connective tissue
Do atria have thin or thick walls and why - Answer-thin bc they don't move blood long
distances, just to ventricles
Do ventricles have think or think walls and why - Answer-thick and string bc they move
blood further distance and need more strength
Which ventricle is thicker, L or R and why - Answer-L ventricle is thicker bc it pumps
blood around whole body whereas R only pumps blood to lungs
Why can we not have matching antibodies and antigens - Answer-b/c agglutination
would happen; anchoring together of 100s/1000s of RBC
^ cell membrane start to become leaky and Hb starts to leak out
What is Rh factor - Answer-antigen D; can either be present (+) or absent (-)
, What kind of antigens and antibodies would Rh+ blood have - Answer-D-antigen and no
anti-D anti-D antibodies
What kind of antigens and antibodies would Rh- blood have - Answer-no D-antigen and
no anti-D antibodies
When can we make anti-D antibodies - Answer-when exposed to D-antigen
- Rh- person only develops anti-D antibodies after exposure to Rh+ blood
^not an issue unless exposed again bc the antigens will be there
Circulatory subdivisions - Answer--cardiovascular system
-lymphatic system
Location of the heart - Answer-intrathoracic- in mediastinum (medial to lungs, superior
to diaphragm, inferior to thoracic inlet)
base vs apex of heart and orientation - Answer-base is the top; posterior, superior, right
apex is the bottom; anterior, inferior, left
pericardium (serous pericardium) - Answer-thin delicate membrane (2 layers)
- outer parietal layer (lines the fibrous pericardium)
- inner visceral layer (covers the heart)
list the layers of the heart wall and pericardium from deep to superficial - Answer--
endocardium
-myocardium
-epicardium
-parietal pericardium
-fibrous pericardium
the 4 chambers of the heart - Answer-2 atria and 2 ventricles
(R atrium, L atrium, R ventricle, L ventricle)
blood HAS to enter heart thru one of 2 atria to go deeper
what does the right atrium do - Answer-receives blood from BODY; via vena cava
(superior & inferior)
what does the right ventricle do - Answer-pumps blood (deoxy) to the LUNGS (forms
most of anterior surface)
what does the left atrium do - Answer-receives blood (oxy) from LUNGS via 4
pulmonary veins (2 each lung)
what does the left ventricle do - Answer-pumps blood to BODY (forms apex of heart)
100% SOLVED ANSWERS
What does it mean when we say antibodies are "highly specific" - Answer-- only
recognize the antigen against which it was developed
- when exposed to new antigens, new antibody has to be created
-once bounded, very hard to strip away; bounded for essentially forever
How do you name an antibody - Answer-antibody names always start with "anti-" then
the name of antigen its binding (ex. anti-A antibody)
What is true about antibodies in plasma - Answer-- antibodies present in plasma
opposite of antigens on RBC
- blood with no antigen A on cells has an anti-A antibody in plasma---> i.e type B, type O
- blood with no antigen B on cells has anti-B antibody in plasma----> i.e. type A, type B
What is another word for the visceral layer of the serous pericardium when talking about
the layers of the heart wall - Answer-epicardium
What is the myocardium - Answer-cardiac muscle, bulk of the heart wall
What is the endocardium - Answer-valves and chamber lining (inner surface)
-helps reduce bld clots bc very smooth, dense connective tissue
Do atria have thin or thick walls and why - Answer-thin bc they don't move blood long
distances, just to ventricles
Do ventricles have think or think walls and why - Answer-thick and string bc they move
blood further distance and need more strength
Which ventricle is thicker, L or R and why - Answer-L ventricle is thicker bc it pumps
blood around whole body whereas R only pumps blood to lungs
Why can we not have matching antibodies and antigens - Answer-b/c agglutination
would happen; anchoring together of 100s/1000s of RBC
^ cell membrane start to become leaky and Hb starts to leak out
What is Rh factor - Answer-antigen D; can either be present (+) or absent (-)
, What kind of antigens and antibodies would Rh+ blood have - Answer-D-antigen and no
anti-D anti-D antibodies
What kind of antigens and antibodies would Rh- blood have - Answer-no D-antigen and
no anti-D antibodies
When can we make anti-D antibodies - Answer-when exposed to D-antigen
- Rh- person only develops anti-D antibodies after exposure to Rh+ blood
^not an issue unless exposed again bc the antigens will be there
Circulatory subdivisions - Answer--cardiovascular system
-lymphatic system
Location of the heart - Answer-intrathoracic- in mediastinum (medial to lungs, superior
to diaphragm, inferior to thoracic inlet)
base vs apex of heart and orientation - Answer-base is the top; posterior, superior, right
apex is the bottom; anterior, inferior, left
pericardium (serous pericardium) - Answer-thin delicate membrane (2 layers)
- outer parietal layer (lines the fibrous pericardium)
- inner visceral layer (covers the heart)
list the layers of the heart wall and pericardium from deep to superficial - Answer--
endocardium
-myocardium
-epicardium
-parietal pericardium
-fibrous pericardium
the 4 chambers of the heart - Answer-2 atria and 2 ventricles
(R atrium, L atrium, R ventricle, L ventricle)
blood HAS to enter heart thru one of 2 atria to go deeper
what does the right atrium do - Answer-receives blood from BODY; via vena cava
(superior & inferior)
what does the right ventricle do - Answer-pumps blood (deoxy) to the LUNGS (forms
most of anterior surface)
what does the left atrium do - Answer-receives blood (oxy) from LUNGS via 4
pulmonary veins (2 each lung)
what does the left ventricle do - Answer-pumps blood to BODY (forms apex of heart)
