ARDMS SPI EXAM LATEST 2024-2025 UPDATE
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED A+/PASSED 100%
Example of nonspecular reflector - correct answers-red blood cells
What happens to spatial pulse length when frequency increases? - correct answers-decreases
Axial resolution is dependent on? - correct answers-wavelength
Lateral resolution is dependent on? - correct answers-beam diameter
Where does the beam of an unfocused transducer diverge? - correct answers-Fraunhofer zone
Reverberation artifacts are a result of - correct answers-two or more strong reflecting surfaces
True/False: Grating lobes are essential for the proper operation of a linear phased array. - correct
answers-False
True/False: Electronically steered scanners always produce higher resolution images than do
mechanically steered scanners. - correct answers-False
True/False: An annular array scanner uses mechanical beam steering. - correct answers-True
True/False: A linear sequenced array cannot be dynamically focused. - correct answers-False
registration or B-mode alignment - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes all the
groups of wires in the AIUM 100 mm test object?
axial resolution - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes the A group of wires in the
AIUM 100 mm test object?
lateral resolution - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes the B group of wires in the
AIUM 100 mm test object?
dead zone - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes the D group of wires in the AIUM
100 mm test object?
depth calibration - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes the C or E groups of wires in
the AIUM 100 mm test object?
What happens to axial resolution when spatial pulse length is decreased? - correct answers-improves
How much will a 3.5 MHz pulse be attenuated after passing through 2 cm of soft tissue? - correct
answers-3.5 dB
Propagation speed errors result in - correct answers-improper axial position
Enhancement is caused by - correct answers-weakly attenuating structures
The Doppler shift frequency is - correct answers-directly proportional to the velocity of the reflector
,The number of frames per second necessary for a real-time image to be flicker free is - correct answers-
more than 15
True/False: The SPTA intensity will always be larger than the SATA intensity. - correct answers-True
The intensity of the ultrasound beam is usually greater at the focal zone because of - correct answers-
the smaller beam diameter
If the amplitude is doubled, the intensity is - correct answers-quadrupled
The attenuation for soft tissue is - correct answers-increased with tissue thickness
The acoustic impedance of the matching layer - correct answers-can be chosen to improve transmission
into the body
True/False: In a pulse-echo system, the quality factor should be made as large as possible. - correct
answers-False
True/False: The beam diameter is constant in the near zone. - correct answers-False
The operating frequency is dependent on - correct answers-thickness of the crystal
The period of an ultrasound wave is - correct answers-the time of one wavelength
The dynamic range of a system is - correct answers-the ratio of smallest to largest power level that the
system can handle
True/False: The intensity of an ultrasonic beam can be measured with radiation force balance. - correct
answers-True
Increasing the pulse repetition period - correct answers-increases the maximum depth that can be
imaged
Ultrasound bioeffects - correct answers-are not confirmed below 100 mW/cm² SPTA
True/False: No refraction can occur at an interface if the media impedances are equal. - correct answers-
False
True/False: Smaller transducers always produce smaller beam diameters. - correct answers-False
True/False: The ultrasound beam profile can be measured with a hydrophone. - correct answers-True
True/False: The pulsed-Doppler system yields better depth resolution than the continuous wave (CW)
system. - correct answers-True
True/False: The gray-scale display was made possible when digital scan converters replaced analog scan
converters. - correct answers-False
True/False: Videotape recorders operating at 30 frames per second cannot be used with mechanical
real-time units because the fram rate is too slow. - correct answers-False
True/False: Linear phased array scanners need no form of mechanical focusing because focusing is
performed electronically. - correct answers-False
,True/False: The fram rate of real-time scanners depends on the number of lines used to form the image.
- correct answers-True
True/False: It is not possible to steer an annular phased array electronically. - correct answers-True
True/False: The near zone length should be kept as short as possible. - correct answers-False
What percentage of intensity of an ultrasound pulse incident on an interface of 0.25 and 0.75 rayls is
reflected? - correct answers-25%
Axial resolution can be improved by using - correct answers-higher frequency transducers
When particle motion of a medium is parallel to the direction of a wave propagation, the wave being
transmitted is called a - correct answers-longitudinal wave
The wavelength in a material having a wave velocity of 1500 m/s emplying a transducer frequency of 5
MHz is - correct answers-0.3 mm
The factor that determines the amount of reflection at the interface of two dissimilar materials is -
correct answers-difference in acoustic impedances
The equation that describes the relationship among propagation, wavelength, and frequency is - correct
answers-λ = c/ƒ
What three things can occur when an ultrasonic beam reaches the interface of two dissimilar materials?
- correct answers-reflection, refraction, mode conversion
The acoustic impedance of a material is - correct answers-equal to the product of density and velocity
The average velocity of ultrasonic waves in soft tissue is - correct answers-1540 m/s
True/False: Receiver-angle values in CW Doppler analysis do not influence the final Doppler shift. -
correct answers-False
Refraction occurs because of difference in ______ across an interface between two materials - correct
answers-wave velocity
Reflection factor at an interface between two materials depends primarily on the change in ______
across the interface. - correct answers-acoustic impedance
The velocity of sound waves is primarily dependent on - correct answers-medium and mode of vibration
Increasing the frequency of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave will result in ______ in the velocity of that
wave. - correct answers-no change
The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam, when it passes from one medium to another, in which
elasticity and density differ from those of the first medium is called - correct answers-refraction
A long near zone can be obtained by - correct answers-using a higher frequency transducer
If a 2 MHz frequency is used in human soft tissue, the wavelength is approximately - correct answers-
0.75 mm
, The ratio of particle pressure to particle velocity at a given point within the ultrasonic field is - correct
answers-impedance
What is the following formula used to determine?
(2 × velocity of reflector × original frequency) / velocity of sound - correct answers-Doppler shift
frequency
The principle that states that all points on a wavefront can be considered as point sources for the
production of sperical secondary wavelets was postulated by - correct answers-Huygens
A 10 dB difference in signal intensity is equivalent to a _______ difference. - correct answers-tenfold
The level below which signals are not transmitted through an ultrasound receiver system is the - correct
answers-threshold, negative, reject level
Gray-scale systems typically use _____ as a means of signal dynamic range reduction. - correct answers-
compression
The strength of the echo is related to the height of the deflection on the oscilloscope for the ____
display. - correct answers-A-mode
What are methods of restricting the dynamic range of the signal? - correct answers-suppression,
rejection, compression
Most of the scan converters currently in use are of the _____ type? - correct answers-digital
The fraction of time that pulsed ultrasound is actually on is the - correct answers-duty factor
The ability of an imaging system to detect weak reflections is called - correct answers-sensitivity
What image shape is produced by a linear sequenced array transducer? - correct answers-rectangular
The major factor in determining the acoustic power output of the transducer is the - correct answers-
magnitude of the voltage spike
Two primary mechanisms that produce tissue biological effects are - correct answers-thermal and
cavitational
The _____ relates bandwidth to operating frequency. - correct answers-quality factor, Q Factor
The extraneous beams of ultrasound generated from the edges of individual transducer elements and
not in the direction of the main ultrasonic beam are called - correct answers-side lobes
The product of the period and the number of cycles in the pulse is the - correct answers-pulse duration
The substance typically used as a matrix on the imaging surface of an analog scan converter tube is -
correct answers-silicon oxide
Specular reflection occurs when - correct answers-the reflector surface is small and smooth as
compared with wavelength
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED A+/PASSED 100%
Example of nonspecular reflector - correct answers-red blood cells
What happens to spatial pulse length when frequency increases? - correct answers-decreases
Axial resolution is dependent on? - correct answers-wavelength
Lateral resolution is dependent on? - correct answers-beam diameter
Where does the beam of an unfocused transducer diverge? - correct answers-Fraunhofer zone
Reverberation artifacts are a result of - correct answers-two or more strong reflecting surfaces
True/False: Grating lobes are essential for the proper operation of a linear phased array. - correct
answers-False
True/False: Electronically steered scanners always produce higher resolution images than do
mechanically steered scanners. - correct answers-False
True/False: An annular array scanner uses mechanical beam steering. - correct answers-True
True/False: A linear sequenced array cannot be dynamically focused. - correct answers-False
registration or B-mode alignment - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes all the
groups of wires in the AIUM 100 mm test object?
axial resolution - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes the A group of wires in the
AIUM 100 mm test object?
lateral resolution - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes the B group of wires in the
AIUM 100 mm test object?
dead zone - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes the D group of wires in the AIUM
100 mm test object?
depth calibration - correct answers-Which AIUM test object function utilizes the C or E groups of wires in
the AIUM 100 mm test object?
What happens to axial resolution when spatial pulse length is decreased? - correct answers-improves
How much will a 3.5 MHz pulse be attenuated after passing through 2 cm of soft tissue? - correct
answers-3.5 dB
Propagation speed errors result in - correct answers-improper axial position
Enhancement is caused by - correct answers-weakly attenuating structures
The Doppler shift frequency is - correct answers-directly proportional to the velocity of the reflector
,The number of frames per second necessary for a real-time image to be flicker free is - correct answers-
more than 15
True/False: The SPTA intensity will always be larger than the SATA intensity. - correct answers-True
The intensity of the ultrasound beam is usually greater at the focal zone because of - correct answers-
the smaller beam diameter
If the amplitude is doubled, the intensity is - correct answers-quadrupled
The attenuation for soft tissue is - correct answers-increased with tissue thickness
The acoustic impedance of the matching layer - correct answers-can be chosen to improve transmission
into the body
True/False: In a pulse-echo system, the quality factor should be made as large as possible. - correct
answers-False
True/False: The beam diameter is constant in the near zone. - correct answers-False
The operating frequency is dependent on - correct answers-thickness of the crystal
The period of an ultrasound wave is - correct answers-the time of one wavelength
The dynamic range of a system is - correct answers-the ratio of smallest to largest power level that the
system can handle
True/False: The intensity of an ultrasonic beam can be measured with radiation force balance. - correct
answers-True
Increasing the pulse repetition period - correct answers-increases the maximum depth that can be
imaged
Ultrasound bioeffects - correct answers-are not confirmed below 100 mW/cm² SPTA
True/False: No refraction can occur at an interface if the media impedances are equal. - correct answers-
False
True/False: Smaller transducers always produce smaller beam diameters. - correct answers-False
True/False: The ultrasound beam profile can be measured with a hydrophone. - correct answers-True
True/False: The pulsed-Doppler system yields better depth resolution than the continuous wave (CW)
system. - correct answers-True
True/False: The gray-scale display was made possible when digital scan converters replaced analog scan
converters. - correct answers-False
True/False: Videotape recorders operating at 30 frames per second cannot be used with mechanical
real-time units because the fram rate is too slow. - correct answers-False
True/False: Linear phased array scanners need no form of mechanical focusing because focusing is
performed electronically. - correct answers-False
,True/False: The fram rate of real-time scanners depends on the number of lines used to form the image.
- correct answers-True
True/False: It is not possible to steer an annular phased array electronically. - correct answers-True
True/False: The near zone length should be kept as short as possible. - correct answers-False
What percentage of intensity of an ultrasound pulse incident on an interface of 0.25 and 0.75 rayls is
reflected? - correct answers-25%
Axial resolution can be improved by using - correct answers-higher frequency transducers
When particle motion of a medium is parallel to the direction of a wave propagation, the wave being
transmitted is called a - correct answers-longitudinal wave
The wavelength in a material having a wave velocity of 1500 m/s emplying a transducer frequency of 5
MHz is - correct answers-0.3 mm
The factor that determines the amount of reflection at the interface of two dissimilar materials is -
correct answers-difference in acoustic impedances
The equation that describes the relationship among propagation, wavelength, and frequency is - correct
answers-λ = c/ƒ
What three things can occur when an ultrasonic beam reaches the interface of two dissimilar materials?
- correct answers-reflection, refraction, mode conversion
The acoustic impedance of a material is - correct answers-equal to the product of density and velocity
The average velocity of ultrasonic waves in soft tissue is - correct answers-1540 m/s
True/False: Receiver-angle values in CW Doppler analysis do not influence the final Doppler shift. -
correct answers-False
Refraction occurs because of difference in ______ across an interface between two materials - correct
answers-wave velocity
Reflection factor at an interface between two materials depends primarily on the change in ______
across the interface. - correct answers-acoustic impedance
The velocity of sound waves is primarily dependent on - correct answers-medium and mode of vibration
Increasing the frequency of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave will result in ______ in the velocity of that
wave. - correct answers-no change
The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam, when it passes from one medium to another, in which
elasticity and density differ from those of the first medium is called - correct answers-refraction
A long near zone can be obtained by - correct answers-using a higher frequency transducer
If a 2 MHz frequency is used in human soft tissue, the wavelength is approximately - correct answers-
0.75 mm
, The ratio of particle pressure to particle velocity at a given point within the ultrasonic field is - correct
answers-impedance
What is the following formula used to determine?
(2 × velocity of reflector × original frequency) / velocity of sound - correct answers-Doppler shift
frequency
The principle that states that all points on a wavefront can be considered as point sources for the
production of sperical secondary wavelets was postulated by - correct answers-Huygens
A 10 dB difference in signal intensity is equivalent to a _______ difference. - correct answers-tenfold
The level below which signals are not transmitted through an ultrasound receiver system is the - correct
answers-threshold, negative, reject level
Gray-scale systems typically use _____ as a means of signal dynamic range reduction. - correct answers-
compression
The strength of the echo is related to the height of the deflection on the oscilloscope for the ____
display. - correct answers-A-mode
What are methods of restricting the dynamic range of the signal? - correct answers-suppression,
rejection, compression
Most of the scan converters currently in use are of the _____ type? - correct answers-digital
The fraction of time that pulsed ultrasound is actually on is the - correct answers-duty factor
The ability of an imaging system to detect weak reflections is called - correct answers-sensitivity
What image shape is produced by a linear sequenced array transducer? - correct answers-rectangular
The major factor in determining the acoustic power output of the transducer is the - correct answers-
magnitude of the voltage spike
Two primary mechanisms that produce tissue biological effects are - correct answers-thermal and
cavitational
The _____ relates bandwidth to operating frequency. - correct answers-quality factor, Q Factor
The extraneous beams of ultrasound generated from the edges of individual transducer elements and
not in the direction of the main ultrasonic beam are called - correct answers-side lobes
The product of the period and the number of cycles in the pulse is the - correct answers-pulse duration
The substance typically used as a matrix on the imaging surface of an analog scan converter tube is -
correct answers-silicon oxide
Specular reflection occurs when - correct answers-the reflector surface is small and smooth as
compared with wavelength
