Chapter 29: How plants colonized land
1. Terrestrial <answer> Organism that lives on land as opposed to
living in water. plants become this about 500 million years ago in the
*Paleozoic era*.
2. How Plants colonized land <answer> Land plants probably evolved from
protists, specif- ically green algae.
3. Adaptations that allowed plants to colonize land <answer> Ability to keep
from dying
--> cuticle to waterproof plant
-Ability to tolerate direct, unfiltered sunlight --> Flavonoids to help absorb UV
radiation.
-Ability to acquire sufficient nutrients and water from soil --> mycorrhizae to form
symbiotic relationship b/c not true roots
-Ability to support own structure
-Ability to reproduce without water environment
4. Evolution of plants <answer> First plants to colonize land were
*nonvascular plants* (bryophytes)
-Then evolved plants with a vascular system *Vascular plants* Do not produce
1/5
, seeds--> seedless vascular plants
Produces seeds--> seed vascular plants (gymosperms and angiosperms)
5. nonvascular plants <answer> Do not have a
vascular system. ie bryophytes
-Life cycle alternates= alternate of generations
haploid stage(n) --> gametophyte
diploid (2n) sporophyte
6. Haploid stage (n): Gametophyte
-spores (haploid) dispersed
-Spores germinate in favorable env.
-grown thick filaments
*protnema*--> form female and male buds
-rhizoids anchored to surface.
7. Haploid stage (n) <answer> Female gametophyte *archegonia* (where the eggs
develop)
-male gametophyte *antheridla* (where sperm develop)
Sperm swims with the flow of water. To the egg to for *Zygote*
8. Diploid (2n) <answer> Zygote develops within the archegonia to form
*Sporophyte* Sporophyte-->
2/5
1. Terrestrial <answer> Organism that lives on land as opposed to
living in water. plants become this about 500 million years ago in the
*Paleozoic era*.
2. How Plants colonized land <answer> Land plants probably evolved from
protists, specif- ically green algae.
3. Adaptations that allowed plants to colonize land <answer> Ability to keep
from dying
--> cuticle to waterproof plant
-Ability to tolerate direct, unfiltered sunlight --> Flavonoids to help absorb UV
radiation.
-Ability to acquire sufficient nutrients and water from soil --> mycorrhizae to form
symbiotic relationship b/c not true roots
-Ability to support own structure
-Ability to reproduce without water environment
4. Evolution of plants <answer> First plants to colonize land were
*nonvascular plants* (bryophytes)
-Then evolved plants with a vascular system *Vascular plants* Do not produce
1/5
, seeds--> seedless vascular plants
Produces seeds--> seed vascular plants (gymosperms and angiosperms)
5. nonvascular plants <answer> Do not have a
vascular system. ie bryophytes
-Life cycle alternates= alternate of generations
haploid stage(n) --> gametophyte
diploid (2n) sporophyte
6. Haploid stage (n): Gametophyte
-spores (haploid) dispersed
-Spores germinate in favorable env.
-grown thick filaments
*protnema*--> form female and male buds
-rhizoids anchored to surface.
7. Haploid stage (n) <answer> Female gametophyte *archegonia* (where the eggs
develop)
-male gametophyte *antheridla* (where sperm develop)
Sperm swims with the flow of water. To the egg to for *Zygote*
8. Diploid (2n) <answer> Zygote develops within the archegonia to form
*Sporophyte* Sporophyte-->
2/5
