NR546 Week 1: test your
knowledge quiz questions
and answers
Neurotransmitters involved in ADHD - answerDopamine & norepinephrine
-affect symptoms of inattention & hyperactivity
Pharmacologic Treatment of Sleep Disorders: - answerOver-the-counter
Melatonin
Orexin receptor antagonists
Antidepressants
Z-drugs
Benzodiazepines
prevalence of ADHD in the United States population - answer6.1 million
children are diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.
-Boys more likely than girls (12.9% boys, 5.6% girls)
-1/3 have symptoms into adulthood
-6 in 10 children have at least one other mental, emotional, or behavioral
disorder
-Comorbidities:
• Behavior/conduct problems
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Tourette syndrome
,ADHD Symptoms: - answerTypically start before age 12, may begin to
appear early as 3:
-Selective Attention
• lack of attention to detail
• careless mistakes
• not listening
• losing things
• diverting attention
• forgetfulness
-Lack of Sustained Attention
• poor problem solving
• difficulty completing tasks
• disorganization
• difficulty sustaining mental effort
-Impulsivity
• excessive talking
• blurting things out
• not waiting one's turn
• interrupting
-Hyperactivity
• fidgeting
• leaving one's seat
• running, climbing
, • trouble playing quietly
*Symptoms related to attention usually develop 2-4 years after the
emergence of hyperactive symptoms in childhood
ADHD lifespan considerations - answer-Symptoms change with age.
-Not only a childhood diagnosis
-Hyperactivity decreases markedly with age
-Primary Symptoms: inattention, restlessness, cognitive & emotional
impulsivity, executive functioning deficits, and self-regulation
-Adults struggling with executive functioning difficulties and
disorganization may experience occupational stress or anxiety.
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Genetics -
answerImportant role in development of ADHD.
-heritability of up to 88%
Other risk factors for ADHD include
-premature birth
-low birth weight
-maternal stress during pregnancy
-prenatal substance exposure, including tobacco
-adverse childhood environmental
-psychosocial stress
-inconsistent parenting practices
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Neuroanatomy -
answerSpecific ADHD symptoms may arise from abnormalities within
circuits in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)
-affect executive function
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Neural Networks -
answer-symptoms often become noticeable at about 6-7 years of age,
knowledge quiz questions
and answers
Neurotransmitters involved in ADHD - answerDopamine & norepinephrine
-affect symptoms of inattention & hyperactivity
Pharmacologic Treatment of Sleep Disorders: - answerOver-the-counter
Melatonin
Orexin receptor antagonists
Antidepressants
Z-drugs
Benzodiazepines
prevalence of ADHD in the United States population - answer6.1 million
children are diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.
-Boys more likely than girls (12.9% boys, 5.6% girls)
-1/3 have symptoms into adulthood
-6 in 10 children have at least one other mental, emotional, or behavioral
disorder
-Comorbidities:
• Behavior/conduct problems
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Tourette syndrome
,ADHD Symptoms: - answerTypically start before age 12, may begin to
appear early as 3:
-Selective Attention
• lack of attention to detail
• careless mistakes
• not listening
• losing things
• diverting attention
• forgetfulness
-Lack of Sustained Attention
• poor problem solving
• difficulty completing tasks
• disorganization
• difficulty sustaining mental effort
-Impulsivity
• excessive talking
• blurting things out
• not waiting one's turn
• interrupting
-Hyperactivity
• fidgeting
• leaving one's seat
• running, climbing
, • trouble playing quietly
*Symptoms related to attention usually develop 2-4 years after the
emergence of hyperactive symptoms in childhood
ADHD lifespan considerations - answer-Symptoms change with age.
-Not only a childhood diagnosis
-Hyperactivity decreases markedly with age
-Primary Symptoms: inattention, restlessness, cognitive & emotional
impulsivity, executive functioning deficits, and self-regulation
-Adults struggling with executive functioning difficulties and
disorganization may experience occupational stress or anxiety.
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Genetics -
answerImportant role in development of ADHD.
-heritability of up to 88%
Other risk factors for ADHD include
-premature birth
-low birth weight
-maternal stress during pregnancy
-prenatal substance exposure, including tobacco
-adverse childhood environmental
-psychosocial stress
-inconsistent parenting practices
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Neuroanatomy -
answerSpecific ADHD symptoms may arise from abnormalities within
circuits in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)
-affect executive function
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Neural Networks -
answer-symptoms often become noticeable at about 6-7 years of age,
