NR546 Week 5 test your
knowledge questions and answers
Pharmacologic Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder correct answer- Selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)
Miscellaneous antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitors
Adjunct: antipsychotics
Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder correct answer- Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics
Mood disorders: role of the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is
to: correct answer- determine the malfunctioning brain circuit responsible for the
client's presenting symptoms and select the appropriate medication that targets the
associated neurotransmitter(s)
Mood disorders manifest across a spectrum from: correct answer- mania to major
depressive disorder (MDD)
Unipolar depression correct answer- major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence
highest (13.1%) among individuals aged 18-25
S/S
-depressed mood
,-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms.
Bipolar disorder (BD) correct answer- Chronic condition characterized by extreme
fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or
psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle
rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a
history of one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide
mania correct answer- characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or
irritable mood. Related symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-
directed activity or energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep,
excessive talkativeness, racing thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility,
psychomotor agitation, and a propensity to be involved in high-risk activities. Mania
leads to significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features or
necessitate hospitalization
Bipolar Type I: correct answer- requires at least one episode of mania for at least
one week (or any duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is required)
Bipolar Type II: correct answer- diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic
episode and a current or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least
4 days but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant
functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these
symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in the
depression phase.
, Cyclothymia: correct answer- involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and
depressive symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major
depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD: correct answer- antidepressant therapy
may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and
adults younger than 25
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder and never as
________________. correct answer- monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the onset of
a hypomanic or manic episode
DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms correct answer-
Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes
5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms correct answer-
Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes
knowledge questions and answers
Pharmacologic Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder correct answer- Selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)
Miscellaneous antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitors
Adjunct: antipsychotics
Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder correct answer- Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics
Mood disorders: role of the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is
to: correct answer- determine the malfunctioning brain circuit responsible for the
client's presenting symptoms and select the appropriate medication that targets the
associated neurotransmitter(s)
Mood disorders manifest across a spectrum from: correct answer- mania to major
depressive disorder (MDD)
Unipolar depression correct answer- major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence
highest (13.1%) among individuals aged 18-25
S/S
-depressed mood
,-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms.
Bipolar disorder (BD) correct answer- Chronic condition characterized by extreme
fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or
psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle
rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a
history of one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide
mania correct answer- characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or
irritable mood. Related symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-
directed activity or energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep,
excessive talkativeness, racing thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility,
psychomotor agitation, and a propensity to be involved in high-risk activities. Mania
leads to significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features or
necessitate hospitalization
Bipolar Type I: correct answer- requires at least one episode of mania for at least
one week (or any duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is required)
Bipolar Type II: correct answer- diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic
episode and a current or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least
4 days but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant
functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these
symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in the
depression phase.
, Cyclothymia: correct answer- involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and
depressive symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major
depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD: correct answer- antidepressant therapy
may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and
adults younger than 25
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder and never as
________________. correct answer- monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the onset of
a hypomanic or manic episode
DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms correct answer-
Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes
5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms correct answer-
Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes
