DHYG GEN PATH FINAL EXAM Questions and
Verified Answers
Reversible cell injury
- mild/short lived
- induced by exposure to toxins in low concentrations
- cessations of injury results in the return of the cell to its original state
Irreversible cell injury
When cells are exposed to heavy doses of:
- toxins,
- anoxia (complete lack of oxygen),
- severe or prolonged hypoxia (reduced availability of oxygen),
- overwhelming insults that the cell cannot recover from
Cellular changes
*Atrophy
*Hypertrophy
*Hyperplasia
*Metaplasia
*Dysplasia
Hypertrophy
increase in cell size
Hyperplasia
increase in cell #
Atrophy
decrease cell size
,Metaplasia
replacement/change of one cell type with another
- adapts
conversion of one cell type to another, change in cell type.
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
- abnormal cells
- Disordered (abnormal) Growth
- Reversible
- abnormal cell growth
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
Necrosis
- Morphogenic changes in tissue caused by cell death
- lack of nutrients/oxygen
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
1. heat
2. redness
3. swelling
4. pain
5. loss of function
Cells of inflammation
,PMN
Macrophages
Lymphocytes & plasma cells
Platelets
Eosinophils/basophils/mast cells
Most numerous WBC
PMN
PMN
most numerous WBC Acute inflammation
▪ Most numerous
▪ 1st to arrive
▪ #1 cell in acute inflammation
▪ engulfs invaders
#1 cell in acute inflammation
PMN
Cell of chronic inflammation
macrophage
Macrophages
▪ present in chronic inflammation
▪ appear 2-4 days after onset of infection
Lymphocytes and plasma cells
, ▪ B+T lymphocytes
▪ seen in chronic inflammation
▪ immune response
Platelets
blood clotting
eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
▪ Inflammation and immune response
▪ release histamine
Primary healing
▪ Surgical (sterile) wounds w/ clean borders
▪ heal 1st
Secondary healing
▪ Any non-sterile/infected wounds heal or deep and irregular borders
▪ heal 2nd
Determinants of healing
▪ site of wound
▪ mechanical factors
▪ size of wound
▪ presence/absence of infection ▪ circulatory status
▪ nutritional/metabolic factors
▪ age
IgG
"Goo Goo Ga Ga" (baby)
--> Smallest
Verified Answers
Reversible cell injury
- mild/short lived
- induced by exposure to toxins in low concentrations
- cessations of injury results in the return of the cell to its original state
Irreversible cell injury
When cells are exposed to heavy doses of:
- toxins,
- anoxia (complete lack of oxygen),
- severe or prolonged hypoxia (reduced availability of oxygen),
- overwhelming insults that the cell cannot recover from
Cellular changes
*Atrophy
*Hypertrophy
*Hyperplasia
*Metaplasia
*Dysplasia
Hypertrophy
increase in cell size
Hyperplasia
increase in cell #
Atrophy
decrease cell size
,Metaplasia
replacement/change of one cell type with another
- adapts
conversion of one cell type to another, change in cell type.
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
- abnormal cells
- Disordered (abnormal) Growth
- Reversible
- abnormal cell growth
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
Necrosis
- Morphogenic changes in tissue caused by cell death
- lack of nutrients/oxygen
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
1. heat
2. redness
3. swelling
4. pain
5. loss of function
Cells of inflammation
,PMN
Macrophages
Lymphocytes & plasma cells
Platelets
Eosinophils/basophils/mast cells
Most numerous WBC
PMN
PMN
most numerous WBC Acute inflammation
▪ Most numerous
▪ 1st to arrive
▪ #1 cell in acute inflammation
▪ engulfs invaders
#1 cell in acute inflammation
PMN
Cell of chronic inflammation
macrophage
Macrophages
▪ present in chronic inflammation
▪ appear 2-4 days after onset of infection
Lymphocytes and plasma cells
, ▪ B+T lymphocytes
▪ seen in chronic inflammation
▪ immune response
Platelets
blood clotting
eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
▪ Inflammation and immune response
▪ release histamine
Primary healing
▪ Surgical (sterile) wounds w/ clean borders
▪ heal 1st
Secondary healing
▪ Any non-sterile/infected wounds heal or deep and irregular borders
▪ heal 2nd
Determinants of healing
▪ site of wound
▪ mechanical factors
▪ size of wound
▪ presence/absence of infection ▪ circulatory status
▪ nutritional/metabolic factors
▪ age
IgG
"Goo Goo Ga Ga" (baby)
--> Smallest
