GRADED A+
✔✔toilet training - ✔✔begin when have sensation to urinate/defecate
✔✔nutrition from 1-2 years - ✔✔whole milk
low fat milk after 2 years old
✔✔juice consumption - ✔✔4-6 oz per day
✔✔choking hazards in toddlers - ✔✔popcorn, peanut butter, nuts, grapes, hotdogs, raw
carrots, tough meats
✔✔preschool weight - ✔✔4.4-7 lbs per year
✔✔preschool height - ✔✔2.5-3.5 in per year
✔✔gross motor skills preschool - ✔✔ride tricycle at 3
jump off bottom step
at 4 skip and hop on 1 foot
throw ball over head
at 5 jump rope
✔✔piaget at age 4 - ✔✔magical thinking
animism (inanimate objects are alive)
✔✔erikson for preschooler - ✔✔initiative vs guilt
-if parents have baby, may regress
✔✔how many hours should preschoolers sleep? - ✔✔12 hours
✔✔eruption of primary teeth - ✔✔finalized by beginning of preschool years
✔✔weight gain for school age - ✔✔gain 4.4-6.6 per year
✔✔height for school age - ✔✔2 in per year
✔✔piaget for school age - ✔✔concrete operations
perspective of others
✔✔erikson for school age - ✔✔industry vs inferiority
make meaningful contributions to society
,cooperation
peer groups
✔✔sleep for school age - ✔✔8-9 hours
✔✔girls will stop growing - ✔✔2-2.5 years after they start period
✔✔boys will stop growing - ✔✔18-20 years
✔✔sexual maturation for girls (in order) - ✔✔-breast development
-pubic
-axillae
-period
✔✔sexual maturation of boys (in order) - ✔✔-testicular enlargement
-pubic hair
-facial hair
-voice changes
✔✔piaget adolescents - ✔✔formal operations
✔✔erikson adolescents - ✔✔identity vs role confusion
✔✔ear drop admin - ✔✔less than 3: down and back
over 3: up and back
✔✔preferred IM injection - ✔✔vastus lateralis (preferred)
ventral gluteal
deltoid
✔✔avoid terminology for IV - ✔✔bee sting or stick
✔✔self reporting of pain is appropriate when child is - ✔✔4 years or older
✔✔FLACC - ✔✔2 months-7 years
✔✔FACES - ✔✔3 years and older
✔✔oucher scale - ✔✔3-13 years
✔✔numeric - ✔✔5 years and older
✔✔EMLA - ✔✔used for putting in IV or injections
60 min prior to superficial
, 2.5 hours prior to deep punctures
occlusive dressing
clean skin prior to injection
✔✔impact on toddler in hospital - ✔✔limited abilities
regression
separation anxiety
intense reactions
✔✔impact on preschooler in hospital - ✔✔magical thinking
may think they caused an illness because they were bad
-can also experience separation anxiety
✔✔preschool language for procedures - ✔✔explain clearly
-give choices
✔✔school age language for procedures - ✔✔factual information
✔✔associative play - ✔✔play together without much organization
✔✔parallel play is associated with - ✔✔toddlers
✔✔complicated grief - ✔✔extends a year following a loss
✔✔infants and toddlers grief - ✔✔no concept of death
-mirror parents
-regress
✔✔preschool grief - ✔✔magical thinking
-guilt or shame
-dying as temporary**
✔✔school age grief - ✔✔express fear through uncooperative behavior
✔✔adolescent grief - ✔✔rely on peers more than parents
stressed out
✔✔manifestations of death - ✔✔heat
decreased sensation
decreased senses
decreased LOC
swallowing difficulties
bradycardia
hypotension
cheyne stokes respirations