TMO Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Version 2025-2026
Mensuration is - Answers The measurement of a feature to determine absolute location.
"Precision" refers to - Answers Measurements (Coordinates)
"Accuracy" relates to - Answers Error (Lower error gives higher accuracy)
Circular Error (CE) is - Answers The geospatial position horizontal accuracy expressed in feet or meters at
50% confidence and reported at 90% (CE90) confidence for mensuration.
Three ways to mitigate error - Answers -Training
-Supervision
-Mensuration
Linear Error (LE) is - Answers The geospatial position vertical accuracy expressed in feet or meters at
50% probability and reported at 90% (CE90) confidence for mensuration.
CE and LE should be achieved and reported at - Answers 90% for targeting (CE90 and LE90)
What is Target Location Error (TLE) - Answers The difference between the actual and perceived target
location.
Target Location Error is intrinsic to - Answers The sensor (Source)
Target Location Error is achieved and reported at - Answers 90% probability (TLE90) for mensurated
locations.
How is TLE90 determined - Answers By combining CE90 and LE90
What facilitates the communication of targeting accuracy across the targeting community - Answers
TLE90 categories
Circular Error Probable (CEP) is intrinsic to - Answers The weapon system
What is CEP - Answers The radius around the derived target within which 50% of weapons should impact
Height Above Ellipsoid (HAE) is - Answers A vertical datum used to determine elevation or a location
What is a datum - Answers A base reference for a coordinate system used to model the earth.
What are the two categories of a datum - Answers -Horizontal
-Vertical
How is HAE derived - Answers By using satellites to find the exact center of the Earth and creating an
ellipse at a 3,930 mile radius from the center of that point out to the 45 degree latitude lines
, What is Mean Sea Level (MSL) - Answers A vertical datum used to determine elevation or a location
The distance above or below an ellipse with a mathematically defined regular surface used to express a
geometric model of the Earth describes what type of datum - Answers Height Above Ellipsoid (HAE)
How is MSL derived - Answers It averages out tidal highs and lows caused by the changing effects of the
gravitational forces of the sun and moon
A tidal datum that is arithmetic mean of hourly elevation observed over a specified 19 year cycle
describes what type of datum - Answers Mean Sea Level (MSL)
The CE90 and LE90 category 1 standard for targeting is expressed to what measurement - Answers 6
meters or 20 feet
What is GEOTRANS - Answers A NGA validated program that allows you to transform geographic
coordinates among a wide variety of datums and convert between coordinate formats and map
projections.
What is the vertical datum native to DPPDB - Answers Height Above Ellipsoid (HAE) with EGM-96 (DPSS
products can change to MSL and EGM84 when required for older weapon systems
What is Photogrammetry - Answers It is the art and science of making measurements from photographs
and/or imagery.
What are the three basic types of imagery - Answers -Electro-Optical (EO)
-Infrared (IR)
-Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
What are some sources / platforms used to obtain imagery - Answers -Predator
-IGNAT
-Shadow
-Global Hawk
-P3 Orion
-U2 Dragon Lady
-E8 JSTARS
-Scan Eagle
What is metadata - Answers It is embedded data in an image that provides geo-coordinates.
What does metadata do - Answers It allows the community to search and archive imagery
Mensuration is - Answers The measurement of a feature to determine absolute location.
"Precision" refers to - Answers Measurements (Coordinates)
"Accuracy" relates to - Answers Error (Lower error gives higher accuracy)
Circular Error (CE) is - Answers The geospatial position horizontal accuracy expressed in feet or meters at
50% confidence and reported at 90% (CE90) confidence for mensuration.
Three ways to mitigate error - Answers -Training
-Supervision
-Mensuration
Linear Error (LE) is - Answers The geospatial position vertical accuracy expressed in feet or meters at
50% probability and reported at 90% (CE90) confidence for mensuration.
CE and LE should be achieved and reported at - Answers 90% for targeting (CE90 and LE90)
What is Target Location Error (TLE) - Answers The difference between the actual and perceived target
location.
Target Location Error is intrinsic to - Answers The sensor (Source)
Target Location Error is achieved and reported at - Answers 90% probability (TLE90) for mensurated
locations.
How is TLE90 determined - Answers By combining CE90 and LE90
What facilitates the communication of targeting accuracy across the targeting community - Answers
TLE90 categories
Circular Error Probable (CEP) is intrinsic to - Answers The weapon system
What is CEP - Answers The radius around the derived target within which 50% of weapons should impact
Height Above Ellipsoid (HAE) is - Answers A vertical datum used to determine elevation or a location
What is a datum - Answers A base reference for a coordinate system used to model the earth.
What are the two categories of a datum - Answers -Horizontal
-Vertical
How is HAE derived - Answers By using satellites to find the exact center of the Earth and creating an
ellipse at a 3,930 mile radius from the center of that point out to the 45 degree latitude lines
, What is Mean Sea Level (MSL) - Answers A vertical datum used to determine elevation or a location
The distance above or below an ellipse with a mathematically defined regular surface used to express a
geometric model of the Earth describes what type of datum - Answers Height Above Ellipsoid (HAE)
How is MSL derived - Answers It averages out tidal highs and lows caused by the changing effects of the
gravitational forces of the sun and moon
A tidal datum that is arithmetic mean of hourly elevation observed over a specified 19 year cycle
describes what type of datum - Answers Mean Sea Level (MSL)
The CE90 and LE90 category 1 standard for targeting is expressed to what measurement - Answers 6
meters or 20 feet
What is GEOTRANS - Answers A NGA validated program that allows you to transform geographic
coordinates among a wide variety of datums and convert between coordinate formats and map
projections.
What is the vertical datum native to DPPDB - Answers Height Above Ellipsoid (HAE) with EGM-96 (DPSS
products can change to MSL and EGM84 when required for older weapon systems
What is Photogrammetry - Answers It is the art and science of making measurements from photographs
and/or imagery.
What are the three basic types of imagery - Answers -Electro-Optical (EO)
-Infrared (IR)
-Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
What are some sources / platforms used to obtain imagery - Answers -Predator
-IGNAT
-Shadow
-Global Hawk
-P3 Orion
-U2 Dragon Lady
-E8 JSTARS
-Scan Eagle
What is metadata - Answers It is embedded data in an image that provides geo-coordinates.
What does metadata do - Answers It allows the community to search and archive imagery
