Test Bank- Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care{ 6th Edition} By Brian K. Walsh | All Chapters Included | Elaborated Answers | Updated

Test Bank for Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory
Care, 6th Edition
by Brian K. Walsh

,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Developmen
B B B B

tTest Bank
B B


MULTIPLEBCHOICE

1. WhichBofBtheBfollowingBphasesBofBhumanBlungBdevelopmentBisBcharacterizedBbyBtheBformatio
nBofBaBcapillaryBnetworkBaroundBairwayBpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:B D
TheBcanalicularBphaseBfollowsBtheBpseudoglandularBphase,BlastingBfromBapproximatelyB17Bwe
eksBtoB26BweeksBofBgestation.BThisBphaseBisBsoBnamedBbecauseBofBtheBappearanceBofBvascularBch
annels,BorBcapillaries,BwhichBbeginBtoBgrowBbyBformingBaBcapillaryBnetworkBaroundBtheBairBpa
ssages.BDuringBtheBpseudoglandularBstage,BwhichBbeginsBatBdayB52BandBextendsBtoBweekB16Bo
fBgestation,BtheBairwayBsystemBsubdividesBextensivelyBandBtheBconductingBairwayBsystemBdev
elops,BendingBwithBtheBterminalBbronchioles.BTheBsaccularBstageBofBdevelopment,BwhichBtakes
BplaceBfromBweeksB29BtoB36BofBgestation,BisBcharacterizedBbyBtheBdevelopmentBofBsacsBthatB late
rBbecomeBalveoli.BDuringBtheBsaccularBphase,BaBtremendousBincreaseBinBtheBpotential
gas-
exchangingBsurfaceBareaBoccurs.BTheBdistinctionBbetweenBtheBsaccularBstageBandBtheBalve
olarBstageBisBarbitrary.BTheBalveolarBstageBstretchesBfromB39BweeksBofBgestationBtoBterm.B
ThisBstageBisBrepresentedBbyBtheBestablishmentBofBalveoli.

REF:B pp.BBB 3-5

2. RegardingBpostnatalBlungBgrowth,BbyBapproximatelyBwhatBageBdoBmostBofBtheBalveoliBthatB
willBbeBpresentBinBtheBlungsBforBlifeBdevelop?
a. 6Bmonths
b. 1Byear
c. 1.5Byears
d. 2Byears
ANS:B C
MostBofBtheBpostnatalBformationBofBalveoliBinBtheBinfantBoccursBoverBtheBfirstB1.5ByearsBofBlife
.BAtB2ByearsBofBage,BtheBnumberBofBalveoliBvariesBsubstantiallyBamongBindividuals.BAfterB2Bye
arsBofBage,BmalesBhaveBmoreBalveoliBthanBdoBfemales.BAfterBalveolarBmultiplicationBends,BtheBa
lveoliBcontinueBtoBincreaseBinBsizeBuntilBthoracicBgrowthBisBcompleted.

REF:B p.B6

3. TheBrespiratoryBtherapistBisBevaluatingBaBnewbornBwithBmildBrespiratoryBdistressBdueBtoBtrac
healBstenosis.BDuringBwhichBperiodBofBlungBdevelopmentBdidBthisBproblemBdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:B A

, TheBinitialBstructuresBofBtheBpulmonaryBtreeBdevelopBduringBtheBembryonalBstage.BErrorsBin
BdevelopmentBduringBthisBtimeBmayBresultBinBlaryngeal,Btracheal,BorBesophagealBatresiaBorBst

enosis.BPulmonaryBhypoplasia,BanBincompleteBdevelopmentBofBtheBlungsBcharacterizedBbyBanB
abnormallyBlowBnumberBand/orBsizeBofBbronchopulmonaryBsegmentsBand/orBalveoli,BcanBde
velopBduringBtheBpseudoglandularBphase.BIfBtheBfetusBisBbornBduringBtheBcanalicularBphaseB(i.
e.,Bprematurely),BsevereBrespiratoryBdistressBcanBbeBexpectedBbecauseBtheBinadequatelyBdevel
opedBairways,BalongBwithBinsufficientBandBimmatureBsurfactantBproductionBbyBalveolarBtypeB
IIBcells,BgivesBriseBtoBtheBconstellationBofBproblemsBknownBasBinfantBrespiratoryBdistressBsyndro
me.

REF:BBB p.B6

4. WhichBofBtheBfollowingBmechanismsBisB(are)BresponsibleBforBtheBpossibleBassociationBbetwee
nBoligohydramniosBandBlungBhypoplasia?

I. AbnormalBcarbohydrateBmetabolism
II. MechanicalBrestrictionBofBtheBchestBwall
III. InterferenceBwithBfetalBbreathing
IV. FailureBtoBproduceBfetalBlungBliquid
a. IBandBIIIBonly
b. IIBandBIIIBonly
c. I,BII,BandBIVBonly
d. II,BIII,BandBIVBonly
ANS:B D
Oligohydramnios,BaBreducedBquantityBofBamnioticBfluidBpresentBforBanBextendedBperiodBofBtime,
withBorBwithoutBrenalBanomTaE lieSsT
,BiB
sBA
asNsoKcS
iaE
teLdLwEitR
hBlu
. CnO
gBM
hypoplasia.BTheBmechanismsBbyBB
whichBamnioticBfluidBvolumeBinfluencesBlungBgrowthBremainBunclear.BPossibleBexplanationsBf
or
reducedBquantityBofBamnioticBfluidBincludeBmechanicalBrestrictionBofBtheBchestBwall,Binterfer
enceBwithBfetalBbreathing,BorBfailureBtoBproduceBfetalBlungBliquid.BTheseBclinicalBandBexperi
mentalBobservationsBpossiblyBpointBtoBaBcommonBdenominator,BlungBstretch,BasBbeingBaBmaj
orBgrowthBstimulant.

REF:B pp.B6-7

5. WhatBisBtheBpurposeBofBtheBsubstanceBsecretedBbyBtheBtypeBIIBpneumocyte?
a. ToBincreaseBtheBgasBexchangeBsurfaceBarea
b. ToBreduceBsurfaceBtension
c. ToBmaintainBlungBelasticity
d. ToBpreserveBtheBvolumeBofBtheBamnioticBfluid
ANS:B B
TheBprimaryBroleBofBmammalianBsurfactantBisBtoBlowerBtheBsurfaceBtensionBwithinBtheBalveolu
s,BspecificallyBatBtheBair–
liquidBinterface.BThisBallowsBtheBdelicateBstructureBofBtheBalveolusBtoBexpandBwhenBfilledBwith
Bair.BWithoutBsurfactant,BtheBalveolusBremainsBcollapsedBbecauseBofBtheB highBsurfaceBtensionBof
BtheBmoistBalveolarBsurface.B SurfactantBisBcomposedBpredominantlyBofBanBintricateBblendBofBph

ospholipids,BneutralBlipids,BandBproteins.

REF:B p.B8

, 6. WhichBofBtheBfollowingBtestsBofBtheBamnioticBfluidBhaveBbeenBshownBtoBbeBsensitiveBindicato
rsBofBlungBmaturity?
a. LevelsBofBprednisone
b. LevelsBofBepidermalBgrowthBfactor
c. LevelsBofBprostaglandins
d. LevelsBofBphosphatidylglycerolBandBphosphatidylcholine
ANS:B D
OfBclinicalBrelevanceBduringBlateBgestation,BanalysisBofBamnioticBfluidBforBtheBconcentrationB
ofBphosphatidylglycerolBandBphosphatidylcholineBhasBbeenBshownBtoBbeBaBsensitiveBindicator
BofBtheBstateBofBfetalBlungBmaturity.



REF:B p.B8

7.BApproximatelyBhowBmuchBfetalBlungBfluidBisBsecretedBdaily?
a.BAboutB150BtoB200Bml
b.BAboutB250BtoB300Bml
c.BAboutB350BtoB400Bml
d.BAboutB450BtoB500Bml

ANS:BB

FetalBlungsBareBsecretoryBorgansBthatBmakeBbreathing-
likeBmovementsBbutBserveBnoBrespiratoryBfunctionBbeforeBbirth.BTheyBsecreteB
aboutB250BtoB300BmlBofBliquidBperBday.


B8.BTheBlungBbudBemergesBfromBwhichBofBtheBfollowingBstructures?
a.BTheBpharynx
b.BTheBforegut
c.BTheBmesenchyme
d.BTheBtubularBepithelium

ANS:BA

TheBembryonalBphaseBincludesBprimitiveBlungBdevelopmentBandBisBgenerallyBregardedBtoBencompassBtheBfirstB2Bm
onthsBofBgestation.B
TheBlungBbeginsBtoBemergeBasBaBbudBfromBtheBpharynxB26BdaysBafterBconception.