MED. SURGE EXAM 2,
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
angina could be triggered by ? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-eating a heavy
meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood availability
to the myocardium
locations of chest pain? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-typically felt behind
the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw, shoulders, and along the
inner aspect of the left arm.
what is the classic finding of angina? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-it is
relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
Pt. education for nitroglycerin? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-1. keep in a
dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-weak, thready pulse
signs of hypokalemia? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-muscle weakness
fatigue
,muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
metabolic syndrome increases the risk of? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
heart disease
spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-potentiate fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( if given
with potassium supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
decreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask the signs of
hypoglycemia or worsen asthma because of bronchoconstriction
why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications
abruptly? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-increase risk for rebound
hypertension
ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase
the risk of? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-hyperkalemia
ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
stop angiotensin 1 from converting to angiotensin 2 (powerful
vasoconstrictor) thereby lowering total peripheral vascular
resistance and blood pressure
How to take a proper blood pressure reading? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
instruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30 mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
the target organs affected by long standing hypertension? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
decrease in output could cause what? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
decrease in tissue perfusion which results in organ failure
,Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate
the balloon. Why? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-to restore the blood flow
through the pulmonary artery
Straining with bowel movements is not good because? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-it triggers the valsalva maneuver which increases
intrathoracic pressure decreasing the venous blood flow to the
heart and results in decrease cardiac output.
change patients position slowly to prebent? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
orthostatic hypotension
Low central venous pressure levels could suggests? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-could suggest dehydration or overdiuresis
increase central venous pressure could suggest? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-heart failure
increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what?
- (correct answer)✔️✔️-measurement of the volume of blood that
returned to the right side of the heart (2-6 mm Hg)
Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-in ICU and allows for direct cardiac monitoring
homocysteine - (correct answer)✔️✔️-damage the endothelial lining of
the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and
peripheral artery disease
the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about the
heart? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-direction of blood flow
heart shape and size
ventricular function
ejection fraction
the purpose of a cardiac stress test? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-to
determine the hearts ability to respond to increase oxygen demand
this protein triggers sodium excretion and a decrease in volume? -
(correct answer)✔️✔️-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
, these protein levels increase as ventricular pressure increase in
order to rid the body of excess fluid? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-Brain
Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
BNP level greater than _____ suggests what? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
BNP levels greater than 100 suggest heart failure
contrast medium is contraindicated in what type of patients? -
(correct answer)✔️✔️-patients who are allergic to iodine, shellfish or
seafood
patients who are pregnant or has elevated creatinine levels
contrast medium is? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-nephrotoxic
Premature Ventricular Contractions could trigger ? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-life threatening dysrthymias
therapeutic INR levels for coumadin when used for a-fib is? -
(correct answer)✔️✔️-INR 2-3
complication that may occur following cardiac catherization? -
(correct answer)✔️✔️-fatal dysrhythmias
Adventitious sound heard of the lower airway narrowing? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-wheezing
fluid accumulation in the lower basis of the lungs, you will hear
what sound? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-crackles
what suggest increase pressure and filling volumes in the
ventricles? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-JVD
Peripheral edema
hepatomegaly
scrotal edema
shortness of breath
crackles
S3 in older adults are significant and may suggest? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-heart failure
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
angina could be triggered by ? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-eating a heavy
meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood availability
to the myocardium
locations of chest pain? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-typically felt behind
the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw, shoulders, and along the
inner aspect of the left arm.
what is the classic finding of angina? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-it is
relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
Pt. education for nitroglycerin? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-1. keep in a
dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-weak, thready pulse
signs of hypokalemia? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-muscle weakness
fatigue
,muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
metabolic syndrome increases the risk of? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
heart disease
spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-potentiate fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( if given
with potassium supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
decreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask the signs of
hypoglycemia or worsen asthma because of bronchoconstriction
why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications
abruptly? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-increase risk for rebound
hypertension
ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase
the risk of? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-hyperkalemia
ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
stop angiotensin 1 from converting to angiotensin 2 (powerful
vasoconstrictor) thereby lowering total peripheral vascular
resistance and blood pressure
How to take a proper blood pressure reading? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
instruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30 mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
the target organs affected by long standing hypertension? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
decrease in output could cause what? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
decrease in tissue perfusion which results in organ failure
,Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate
the balloon. Why? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-to restore the blood flow
through the pulmonary artery
Straining with bowel movements is not good because? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-it triggers the valsalva maneuver which increases
intrathoracic pressure decreasing the venous blood flow to the
heart and results in decrease cardiac output.
change patients position slowly to prebent? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
orthostatic hypotension
Low central venous pressure levels could suggests? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-could suggest dehydration or overdiuresis
increase central venous pressure could suggest? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-heart failure
increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what?
- (correct answer)✔️✔️-measurement of the volume of blood that
returned to the right side of the heart (2-6 mm Hg)
Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-in ICU and allows for direct cardiac monitoring
homocysteine - (correct answer)✔️✔️-damage the endothelial lining of
the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and
peripheral artery disease
the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about the
heart? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-direction of blood flow
heart shape and size
ventricular function
ejection fraction
the purpose of a cardiac stress test? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-to
determine the hearts ability to respond to increase oxygen demand
this protein triggers sodium excretion and a decrease in volume? -
(correct answer)✔️✔️-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
, these protein levels increase as ventricular pressure increase in
order to rid the body of excess fluid? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-Brain
Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
BNP level greater than _____ suggests what? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-
BNP levels greater than 100 suggest heart failure
contrast medium is contraindicated in what type of patients? -
(correct answer)✔️✔️-patients who are allergic to iodine, shellfish or
seafood
patients who are pregnant or has elevated creatinine levels
contrast medium is? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-nephrotoxic
Premature Ventricular Contractions could trigger ? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-life threatening dysrthymias
therapeutic INR levels for coumadin when used for a-fib is? -
(correct answer)✔️✔️-INR 2-3
complication that may occur following cardiac catherization? -
(correct answer)✔️✔️-fatal dysrhythmias
Adventitious sound heard of the lower airway narrowing? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-wheezing
fluid accumulation in the lower basis of the lungs, you will hear
what sound? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-crackles
what suggest increase pressure and filling volumes in the
ventricles? - (correct answer)✔️✔️-JVD
Peripheral edema
hepatomegaly
scrotal edema
shortness of breath
crackles
S3 in older adults are significant and may suggest? - (correct
answer)✔️✔️-heart failure
