NUR 642 Exam Study Questions and Answers
Types of WBC
1. neutrophils- bone marrow, chronic inflammation, congenital infection, medication induced,
reactive
- ANC <1500 is neutropenic, left shift= infection
2. basophils- allergic reactions and leukemias
3. eosinophil - allergic condition, dermatologic conditions, medication reactions, parasitic
infections
4. monocytes -autoimmune diseases or infections (EBV, fungal, TB), splenectomy
5. lymphocytes- acute or chronic leukemia, hypersensitivity reaction (viral or pertussis)
Sodium
- hyponatremia- can be caused by diluted formula or V/D/ diuresis or DI, steroids- leads to
seizures, n/v
- hypernatremia- can be caused by not feeding well enough (breastfed infants under fed),
dehydration- can lead to seizures, lethargy, high pitch cry
Calcium
- hypo: s/s Chvostek sign, trousseau sign, tetany
- hyper: lethargy, weakness, depression, hypertension
Magnesium
-Hypo: alcoholism, diarrhea, hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, UC, liver and kidney disease
- hyper: Addison's, chronic renal failure, dehydration, diabetic acidosis, oliguria
urinalysis
- + leukocturia makes UTI likely, nitrate indicates bacteriuria
- + bili indicates jaundice or hepatitis
Bilirubin
,want total and indirect or direct
- indirect= indicates hemolysis or hyperbili
- direct= liver disease
Level for lipid panel
Total cholesterol: <199
LDL< 129
non HDL < 144
TG < 99 for under 9 y and < 129
HDL > 45
Thyroid levels
TSH: 0.5-4
T4: 5-12
T3 80-180
-Hypo: low and low- constipation, weight gain, coarse, hoarseness, cold intolerance, tiredness
- Hyper: anxiety, fatigue, weight loss, tremors, increased sweating
inflammatory markers
CRP- <10, acute illness
ESR- <15, elevated for longer- so could be prior illness
Exclusions for athletes
- pulm disease with cyanosis or shunt
- untreated severe symptomatic pulm stenosis
- untreated severe aortic stenosis or regurg
- untreated severe mital stenosis or regurg
- cardiomyopathy
-vascular Ehlers Danlos syndrome
- coronary abnormalities
, - acute pericarditis
-acute myocarditis
- acute Kawasaki disease
- untreated derm diseases
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
1. sensorimotor= birth to 2
2. preoperational= 2-6 yrs- egocentric thinking, imitation and fantasy plat
3. concrete operational- 6- 11 yrs- mental process only as they relate to real objects
4. formal operational= > 11 yrs- capacity for abstract thought
Healthy People 2020
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature
death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
- focus on tobacco use, immunizations, injury prevention, teenage pregnancy and overweight
Developmental differences in pediatric patients
1. higher BSA- leads to more rapid absorption and systemic effects of toxins
2. smaller circulating blood volume/less fluid reserve- higher risk for hemorrhagic
shock/dehydration
3. bones are more pliable, more susceptible to fracture
4. head: loses more heat, more vulnerable to penetrating injury due to thinner cranium
5. lungs: airway is narrower and lungs smaller, fewer alveoli, tongue larger
Parenting styles
1. authoritative: enforces rules though the withdrawal of privileges, flexible and collaborative
2. authoritarian- shows less affection, highly critical, physical or verbal reprimands
Types of WBC
1. neutrophils- bone marrow, chronic inflammation, congenital infection, medication induced,
reactive
- ANC <1500 is neutropenic, left shift= infection
2. basophils- allergic reactions and leukemias
3. eosinophil - allergic condition, dermatologic conditions, medication reactions, parasitic
infections
4. monocytes -autoimmune diseases or infections (EBV, fungal, TB), splenectomy
5. lymphocytes- acute or chronic leukemia, hypersensitivity reaction (viral or pertussis)
Sodium
- hyponatremia- can be caused by diluted formula or V/D/ diuresis or DI, steroids- leads to
seizures, n/v
- hypernatremia- can be caused by not feeding well enough (breastfed infants under fed),
dehydration- can lead to seizures, lethargy, high pitch cry
Calcium
- hypo: s/s Chvostek sign, trousseau sign, tetany
- hyper: lethargy, weakness, depression, hypertension
Magnesium
-Hypo: alcoholism, diarrhea, hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, UC, liver and kidney disease
- hyper: Addison's, chronic renal failure, dehydration, diabetic acidosis, oliguria
urinalysis
- + leukocturia makes UTI likely, nitrate indicates bacteriuria
- + bili indicates jaundice or hepatitis
Bilirubin
,want total and indirect or direct
- indirect= indicates hemolysis or hyperbili
- direct= liver disease
Level for lipid panel
Total cholesterol: <199
LDL< 129
non HDL < 144
TG < 99 for under 9 y and < 129
HDL > 45
Thyroid levels
TSH: 0.5-4
T4: 5-12
T3 80-180
-Hypo: low and low- constipation, weight gain, coarse, hoarseness, cold intolerance, tiredness
- Hyper: anxiety, fatigue, weight loss, tremors, increased sweating
inflammatory markers
CRP- <10, acute illness
ESR- <15, elevated for longer- so could be prior illness
Exclusions for athletes
- pulm disease with cyanosis or shunt
- untreated severe symptomatic pulm stenosis
- untreated severe aortic stenosis or regurg
- untreated severe mital stenosis or regurg
- cardiomyopathy
-vascular Ehlers Danlos syndrome
- coronary abnormalities
, - acute pericarditis
-acute myocarditis
- acute Kawasaki disease
- untreated derm diseases
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
1. sensorimotor= birth to 2
2. preoperational= 2-6 yrs- egocentric thinking, imitation and fantasy plat
3. concrete operational- 6- 11 yrs- mental process only as they relate to real objects
4. formal operational= > 11 yrs- capacity for abstract thought
Healthy People 2020
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature
death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
- focus on tobacco use, immunizations, injury prevention, teenage pregnancy and overweight
Developmental differences in pediatric patients
1. higher BSA- leads to more rapid absorption and systemic effects of toxins
2. smaller circulating blood volume/less fluid reserve- higher risk for hemorrhagic
shock/dehydration
3. bones are more pliable, more susceptible to fracture
4. head: loses more heat, more vulnerable to penetrating injury due to thinner cranium
5. lungs: airway is narrower and lungs smaller, fewer alveoli, tongue larger
Parenting styles
1. authoritative: enforces rules though the withdrawal of privileges, flexible and collaborative
2. authoritarian- shows less affection, highly critical, physical or verbal reprimands
