C805 HIM 2507
Pathophysiology
FA Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible
for the development of atherosclerosis?
a) Increased red blood cell production
b) Chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation in arterial walls
c) Decreased blood pressure
d) Excessive bleeding
Correct ANS: b) Chronic inflammation and lipid
accumulation in arterial walls
©2025
, Rationale: Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of
lipids and chronic inflammation in the arterial walls, leading to
plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries.
2. What is the underlying pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes
mellitus?
a) Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
b) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
c) Excessive insulin production
d) Impaired glucose uptake
Correct ANS: b) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta
cells
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune
condition where the immune system attacks and destroys
pancreatic beta cells, resulting in insufficient insulin production.
3. Which of the following is a common pathophysiological
change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a) Increased airway resistance
b) Reduced lung compliance
©2025
, c) Decreased respiratory muscle strength
d) Increased tidal volume
Correct ANS: a) Increased airway resistance
Rationale: COPD is characterized by increased airway
resistance due to chronic inflammation and narrowing of the
airways, leading to airflow limitation.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The presence of __________ plaques is a hallmark of
Alzheimer's disease.
Correct ANS: amyloid
Rationale: Amyloid plaques, composed of beta-amyloid
protein fragments, are a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's
disease.
5. __________ is the process by which cancer cells spread from
the primary tumor to distant sites in the body.
©2025
, Correct ANS: Metastasis
Rationale: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells
break away from the primary tumor, travel through the
bloodstream or lymphatic system, and form new tumors in distant
organs.
6. The pathological enlargement of the heart due to increased
workload is known as __________.
Correct ANS: hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of an organ
or tissue, such as the heart, due to increased demand or workload.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: Inflammatory cytokines play a central role in
the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
Correct ANS: True
©2025
Pathophysiology
FA Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible
for the development of atherosclerosis?
a) Increased red blood cell production
b) Chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation in arterial walls
c) Decreased blood pressure
d) Excessive bleeding
Correct ANS: b) Chronic inflammation and lipid
accumulation in arterial walls
©2025
, Rationale: Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of
lipids and chronic inflammation in the arterial walls, leading to
plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries.
2. What is the underlying pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes
mellitus?
a) Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
b) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
c) Excessive insulin production
d) Impaired glucose uptake
Correct ANS: b) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta
cells
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune
condition where the immune system attacks and destroys
pancreatic beta cells, resulting in insufficient insulin production.
3. Which of the following is a common pathophysiological
change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a) Increased airway resistance
b) Reduced lung compliance
©2025
, c) Decreased respiratory muscle strength
d) Increased tidal volume
Correct ANS: a) Increased airway resistance
Rationale: COPD is characterized by increased airway
resistance due to chronic inflammation and narrowing of the
airways, leading to airflow limitation.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The presence of __________ plaques is a hallmark of
Alzheimer's disease.
Correct ANS: amyloid
Rationale: Amyloid plaques, composed of beta-amyloid
protein fragments, are a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's
disease.
5. __________ is the process by which cancer cells spread from
the primary tumor to distant sites in the body.
©2025
, Correct ANS: Metastasis
Rationale: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells
break away from the primary tumor, travel through the
bloodstream or lymphatic system, and form new tumors in distant
organs.
6. The pathological enlargement of the heart due to increased
workload is known as __________.
Correct ANS: hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of an organ
or tissue, such as the heart, due to increased demand or workload.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: Inflammatory cytokines play a central role in
the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
Correct ANS: True
©2025
