D398 HLTH 2422
Introduction to Pharmacology
FA Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following factors can influence the
bioavailability of a drug?
a) Route of administration
b) Drug solubility
c) Presence of food in the stomach
d) All of the above
Correct ANS: d) All of the above
©2025
, Rationale: Bioavailability is influenced by factors such as the
route of administration, drug solubility, and the presence of food
in the stomach, which can affect the drug's absorption.
2. What is the primary mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
a) Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes
b) Blocking histamine receptors
c) Activation of opioid receptors
d) Inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase
Correct ANS: a) Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes
Rationale: NSAIDs reduce inflammation and pain by
inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are involved in the
synthesis of prostaglandins.
3. Which pharmacokinetic parameter measures the volume of
plasma from which a drug is completely removed per unit time?
a) Half-life (t1/2)
b) Volume of distribution (Vd)
c) Clearance (Cl)
©2025
, d) Bioavailability (F)
Correct ANS: c) Clearance (Cl)
Rationale: Clearance is the pharmacokinetic parameter that
measures the volume of plasma from which a drug is completely
removed per unit time.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The __________ effect refers to the reduction in the efficacy
of a drug due to its extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver.
Correct ANS: first-pass
Rationale: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is
significantly metabolized in the liver before reaching systemic
circulation, reducing its efficacy.
5. __________ is the maximum concentration of a drug in the
blood after administration.
Correct ANS: Cmax
©2025
, Rationale: Cmax represents the peak plasma concentration of
a drug after administration.
6. A drug that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a
physiological response is called an __________.
Correct ANS: agonist
Rationale: An agonist is a substance that binds to a receptor
and activates it, resulting in a physiological response.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: The therapeutic index (TI) is the ratio of the
toxic dose to the effective dose of a drug.
Correct ANS: True
Rationale: The therapeutic index (TI) is the ratio of the dose
that causes toxicity to the dose that produces a therapeutic effect,
indicating the safety margin of a drug.
©2025
Introduction to Pharmacology
FA Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following factors can influence the
bioavailability of a drug?
a) Route of administration
b) Drug solubility
c) Presence of food in the stomach
d) All of the above
Correct ANS: d) All of the above
©2025
, Rationale: Bioavailability is influenced by factors such as the
route of administration, drug solubility, and the presence of food
in the stomach, which can affect the drug's absorption.
2. What is the primary mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
a) Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes
b) Blocking histamine receptors
c) Activation of opioid receptors
d) Inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase
Correct ANS: a) Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes
Rationale: NSAIDs reduce inflammation and pain by
inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are involved in the
synthesis of prostaglandins.
3. Which pharmacokinetic parameter measures the volume of
plasma from which a drug is completely removed per unit time?
a) Half-life (t1/2)
b) Volume of distribution (Vd)
c) Clearance (Cl)
©2025
, d) Bioavailability (F)
Correct ANS: c) Clearance (Cl)
Rationale: Clearance is the pharmacokinetic parameter that
measures the volume of plasma from which a drug is completely
removed per unit time.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The __________ effect refers to the reduction in the efficacy
of a drug due to its extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver.
Correct ANS: first-pass
Rationale: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is
significantly metabolized in the liver before reaching systemic
circulation, reducing its efficacy.
5. __________ is the maximum concentration of a drug in the
blood after administration.
Correct ANS: Cmax
©2025
, Rationale: Cmax represents the peak plasma concentration of
a drug after administration.
6. A drug that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a
physiological response is called an __________.
Correct ANS: agonist
Rationale: An agonist is a substance that binds to a receptor
and activates it, resulting in a physiological response.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: The therapeutic index (TI) is the ratio of the
toxic dose to the effective dose of a drug.
Correct ANS: True
Rationale: The therapeutic index (TI) is the ratio of the dose
that causes toxicity to the dose that produces a therapeutic effect,
indicating the safety margin of a drug.
©2025
